农田土壤重金属污染现状与安全利用技术研究进展  

Present Pollution Status and Safe Utilization Technologies of Heavy Metal-polluted Farmland Soil:A Review

作　　者：余琼阳 李婉怡 张宁[3] 赵玲[3] 王月梅 宋家音 马文亭[3] 张光华 董荷玲 於维维 滕应[3] 骆永明[3] 沈仁芳[3] YU Qiongyang;LI Wanyi;ZHANG Ning;ZHAO Ling;WANG Yuemei;SONG Jiayin;MA Wenting;ZHANG Guanghua;DONG Heling;YU Weiwei;TENG Ying;LUO Yongming;SHEN Renfang(Taizhou Agricultural Technology Extension Centre,Taizhou,Zhejiang 318000,China;Luqiao Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Taizhou,Zhejiang 318000,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]台州市农业技术推广中心,浙江台州318000 [2]台州市路桥区农(渔)技总站,浙江台州318000 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第2期229-241,共13页Soils

基　　金：台州市农业科技项目(2023-12);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1803705)资助。

摘　　要：重金属污染农田直接影响粮食安全和农业可持续发展。安全利用技术主要通过降低土壤中重金属的生物有效性,以减少作物对重金属的吸收累积和消减重金属进入食物链的风险,其对解决我国重金属污染农田有效利用和保障粮食安全生产具有重要意义。因此,本文首先分析了农田土壤重金属污染成因与现状,然后综述了不同安全利用技术,如农艺调控措施(包括低累积作物品种筛选、水肥管理及间作或轮作耕作方式)、原位钝化改良和叶面阻控技术的研究进展,最后提出了强化重金属污染农田土壤安全利用研究及应用的对策。Heavy metal-polluted farmland directly affects food security and sustainable development of agriculture.Safe utilization technology can decrease the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals into crops and thereby cut down the risk of heavy metals into the food chain through primarily reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils,which is of great significance for the effective application of heavy metal-polluted farmland resources and the protection of crop safety at current stage in China.Therefore,this paper firstly analyzed the pollution cause and current situation of heavy metals in farmland soil,then reviewed the research progress of different safe utilization technologies including low accumulation crop variety screening,water and fertilizer management,intercropping or crop rotation,in situ passivation and foliar resistance control,and finally proposed the strategies of strengthening the research and practice of safe utilization in heavy metal-polluted farmland.

关 键 词：重金属 污染现状 安全利用 农田土壤 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]