苏打盐碱土壤黏粒分散特征研究进展  

Research Progress on Clay Dispersion Characteristics of Saline-sodic Soil

作　　者：罗雪娇 王志春[1] 杨帆[1] LUO Xuejiao;WANG Zhichun;YANG Fan(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第2期255-263,共9页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500501);国家自然科学基金项目(41971066);吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高技术产业化专项资金项目(2022SYHZ0018)资助。

摘　　要：本文系统总结了黏粒分散特征表征方法,归纳可用于表征黏粒分散程度的主要指标;概述了黏粒分散对土壤物理性质的影响;重点阐述影响黏粒分散的因素,包括:土壤酸碱性、离子浓度、土壤有机质、农业管理措施、外源物质施用等;提出了黏粒分散控制方法。根据Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)不同分散和絮凝能力得出,离子性指数、电荷稀疏性、净分散量、土壤结构稳定性的阳离子比和阳离子交换量等是表征黏粒分散特征的常用指标;电动电位势和浊度与黏粒分散存在密切联系,有待进一步应用于苏打盐碱土壤黏粒分散研究。黏粒分散破坏土壤结构,导致土壤水力传导率下降,严重阻碍土壤正常功能。黏粒分散机理:不同阳离子价态不同和不同土壤溶液浓度不同导致黏粒表面正电荷层厚度不同,引起黏粒之间范德华吸引力和静电排斥力作用效果差异,正电荷层较厚导致黏粒分散。通过明晰黏粒分散机理,有助于掌握影响黏粒分散的主要因素,抑制苏打盐碱土壤黏粒分散,改善土壤结构,以期为苏打盐碱土治理提供理论参考和技术指导。This paper systematically summarized characterization methods for clay dispersion and outlines the main indicators used to measure the degree of dispersion.It also described the effects of clay dispersion on soil physical properties and discussed the factors that influence clay dispersion,including soil acidity,ion concentration,soil organic matter,agricultural management practices,and the application of exogenous substances.Finally,this paper proposed control methods for clay dispersion.Analysis showed that commonly used indicators for characterizing clay dispersion are ion exchangeability,charge sparsity,net dispersion amount,cation ratios,and cation exchange capacity,based on the different dispersion and agglomeration capabilities of Na^(+)、K^(+)、Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+).Meanwhile,the electrical potential and turbidity are closely related to clay dispersion and warrant further investigation in the study of clay dispersion in saline-sodic soil.Clay dispersion destroys soil structure,reducing soil hydraulic conductivity soil and severely hindering its normal function.The mechanism of clay dispersion is influenced by the differences in the valence states of cations and different concentrations of soil solution,which affect the thickness of the positive layer on clay surfaces and the Van der Waals attraction and electrostatic repulsion between clay particles.Further understanding the mechanism of clay dispersion can help to identify the main factors affecting it,suppress clay dispersion in saline-sodic soil,improve soil structure,and provide theoretical and technical guidance for the remediation of saline-sodic land.

关 键 词：黏粒分散 指标表征 苏打盐碱土 盐碱地改良 土壤结构 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]