水氮管理对黑土稻作土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Stoichiometric Characteristics of Soil Carbon,Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Rice Farming Area of Black Soil

作　　者：秦子元 张忠学 郑和祥[1] 畅利毛 韩再慧 杜思澄 QIN Ziyuan;ZHANG Zhongxue;ZHENG Hexiang;CHANG Limao;HAN Zaihui;DU Sicheng(Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Hohhot 010020,China;School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Inner Mongolia Geological Environment Monitoring Institute,Hohhot 010018,China;Hangjin Banner Water Conservancy Bureau,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,呼和浩特010020 [2]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]内蒙古自治区地质调查研究院,呼和浩特010018 [4]杭锦旗水利局,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第2期264-272,共9页Soils

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023YFDZ0075);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52079028,51779046)资助。

摘　　要：为阐明不同水氮管理模式对黑土稻作产量和土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征的影响,设置3种灌溉模式(常规淹灌、浅湿灌溉、控制灌溉)和4个氮肥梯度(0、85、110、135 kg/hm^(2)),探究了水稻产量、土壤碳氮磷含量及其化学计量比和层化率对不同水氮管理模式的响应规律。结果表明:与常规淹灌和浅湿灌溉相比,控制灌溉模式下,水稻通过形成足量大穗提高库容,小幅增加结实率,从而显著提高产量(P<0.05)。稻田土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(STN)、全磷(STP)含量随土层深度增加而降低,施氮处理可显著提升SOC、STN含量并降低STP含量(P<0.05)。与浅湿灌溉和控制灌溉相比,常规淹灌模式增加SOC、STN含量,而与常规淹灌和浅湿灌溉相比,控制灌溉模式增加STP含量。土壤C/N随施氮量增加而降低,土壤C/P、N/P随施氮量增加而升高,施氮能提升不同土层平均C/N层化率,降低C/P、N/P层化率。相比常规淹灌,控制灌溉模式能提升不同土层SOC、STP含量层化率,在一定程度上说明控制灌溉模式下配施适宜氮肥可以改善土壤质量。综合考虑,本研究中控制灌溉模式配施110 kg/hm^(2)氮肥为最优水氮管理方式。In order to elucidate the effects of different water and nitrogen management modes on rice yield and soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry characteristics in black soil,an field experiment was conducted,in which,3 irrigation modes(F,conventional flooding irrigation;S,shallow wet irrigation;C,controlled irrigation)and 4 nitrogen application gradients(N0,0;N1,85 kg/hm^(2);N2,110 kg/hm^(2);N3,135 kg/hm^(2))were set up,and then rice yields,the contents of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus,stoichiometric ratios and stratification rates were determined under different treatments.The results showed that,compared with F and S,rice yield under C was significantly increased through the formation of sufficient large panicles to increase storage capacity and slightly increase seed setting rate(P<0.05).The contents of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(STN),and total phosphorus(STP)decreased with the increase of soil depth.Nitrogen application treatments significantly increased SOC and STN contents but decreased STP content(P<0.05).Compared with S and C,SOC and STN contents were increased under F.Compared with F and S,STP content was increased under C.Soil C/N decreased but soil C/P and N/P increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Nitrogen application improved the average C/N stratification rates but reduced the C/P and N/P stratification rates of different soil layers,and compared with F,C improved the stratification rates of SOC and STP contents in different soil layers.In conclusion,C with appropriate nitrogen fertilizer can improve soil quality,and C with 110 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen fertilizer is considered as the optimal water and nitrogen management method.

关 键 词：水稻 黑土区 水氮管理 土壤 碳氮磷 化学计量比 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S143