长期不同施肥模式对大麦–双季稻田根际土壤有机氮组分的影响  

Effects of Long-term Application of Fertilizers on Rhizosphere Soil Organic Nitrogen Fraction in Barley-Double Cropping Rice Field

作　　者：郭勇 文丽 石丽红[2] 张腊梅 程凯凯[2] 李超[2] 郑华斌[1] 唐海明[2] GUO Yong;WEN Li;SHI Lihong;ZHANG Lamei;CHENG Kaikai;LI Chao;ZHENG Huabin;TANG Haiming(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Ningxiang Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Ningxiang,Hunan 410600,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [3]宁乡市农业农村局,湖南宁乡410600

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第2期273-280,共8页Soils

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ40232);湖南省土壤肥料研究所所长基金项目(2022tfs201,2022tfs101)资助。

摘　　要：根际土壤有机氮组分在土壤养分和作物氮素营养中具有重要作用。本研究依托长期(37年)定位施肥试验田,设置4个施肥处理:不施肥对照(CK)、单独施用化肥(CF)、秸秆还田+化肥(RF)和30%有机肥+70%化肥(OM),于晚稻成熟期测定大麦–双季稻田根际土壤基础理化性质、微生物生物量氮和有机氮组分(氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解氨态氮、酸解未知态氮、非酸解性氮)含量。研究表明:相对CK处理,RF和OM处理显著增加了稻田根际土壤有机碳、全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮的含量。RF和OM处理土壤微生物生物量氮含量分别比CK处理增加了19.8%和30.7%。酸解性氮作为根际土壤全氮的主体部分,占全氮的59.61%~72.06%;各处理根际土壤酸解性氮含量大小顺序表现为OM>RF>CF>CK。各施肥处理中,酸解有机氮中的氨基糖态氮、氨基酸态氮和酸解未知态氮含量均以OM处理最大,分别比CK处理增加139.3%、47.9%和110.0%;酸解氨态氮以RF处理最大,比CK处理增加69.9%。土壤有机碳、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮与土壤氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解未知态氮以及微生物生物量氮均呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关。因此,秸秆、有机肥配施化肥均能有效提高大麦–双季稻田根际土壤的供氮能力,是改善稻田土壤肥力的有效手段。Rhizosphere soil organic nitrogen(SON)fraction play an important role in soil nutrients and crop nitrogen(N)nutrition.This study was based on a long-term(37 years)located fertilization experimental field,including four fertilization treatments:without fertilizer input as a control(CK),chemical fertilizer alone(CF),rice straw residue and chemical fertilizer(RF),and 30%organic manure and 70%chemical fertilizer(OM).At the maturity stage of late rice,the rhizosphere soil basic physiochemical properties,microbial biomass N(MBN)and SON fractions,including amino acid N,amino sugar N,ammonia N,hydrolysable unknown N,non-hydrolysable N in barley-double cropping rice field were determined.The results indicated that RF and OM significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon(SOC),total N,ammonium N and nitrate N in rhizosphere soil compared to CK.Soil MBN content was significantly increased by 19.8%and 30.7%under RF and OM,respectively,compared to CK.Rhizosphere soil acid hydrolyzable N was the main component of soil total N,accounting for 59.61%–72.06%of total N.The content of acid hydrolyzable N in rhizosphere soil was in order of OM>RF>CF>CK.Soil amino sugar N,amino acid N and hydrolysable unknown N contents were found significantly highest under OM,increased by 139.3%,47.9%and 110.0%,respectively,compared to CK.Soil ammonia N content was significantly highest under RF,with an increase of 69.9%over CK.SOC,total N,ammonium N and nitrate N contents all showed a significantly positive correlation with soil amino acid N,amino sugar N,hydrolysable unknown N and MBN contents.Therefore,the application of rice straw or organic manure and chemical fertilizer is an effective practice for improving soil fertility,which can effectively increase the capacity of rhizosphere soil N supply in barley-double cropping rice field.

关 键 词：长期施肥 双季稻 根际土壤 有机氮组分 酸解性氮 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]