晋西黄土区不同入渗水量下刺槐林地优先流特征  

Characteristic of Preferential Flow in Robinia pseudoacacia Forests in Loess Plateau in Western Shanxi Province Under Different Infiltration Conditions

作　　者：宋艺琳 毕华兴[1,2,3,4,5,6] 赵丹阳 巩大鹏 王宁 刘泽晖[1] 黄靖涵 SONG Yilin;BI Huaxing;ZHAO Danyang;GONG Dapeng;WANG Ning;LIU Zehui;HUANG Jinghan(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Beijing 100083,China;Jixian County Station,Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network(CNERN),Jixian,Shanxi 042200,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation(Beijing Forestry University),Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation(Beijing Forestry University),Beijing 100083,China;Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering,Ministry of Education(Beijing Forestry University),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京100083 [3]山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,山西吉县042200 [4]水土保持国家林业局重点实验室(北京林业大学),北京100083 [5]北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心(北京林业大学),北京100083 [6]林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心(北京林业大学),北京100083

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第2期448-456,共9页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发课题(2022YFF1300401);国家自然科学基金项目(31971725,U2243202)资助。

摘　　要：为探究晋西黄土区刺槐林地是否存在土壤优先流及不同入渗水量条件下对优先流发育程度的影响,以山西吉县蔡家川小流域刺槐人工林为研究对象,结合野外染色示踪试验与室内图像处理的技术方法,获取垂直剖面染色形态特征图像并进行特征值的提取,选取基质流深度、染色面积比、优先流比、长度指数、平均最大染色深度和染色面积比变异系数6个特征指标,基于均方差决策法定量分析不同入渗水量条件下的优先流发育情况。结果表明:(1)刺槐人工林土壤水分入渗过程中存在优先流现象,随入渗水量的增加,优先路径逐步向侧向发展,优先流斜侧入渗现象明显;(2)染色面积比随土层深度的增加呈非线性减小趋势,水分呈现非均匀下渗现象;入渗水量为75mm时的优先流比达到47.11%,优先流发育程度最高;(3)3种入渗水量条件下的平均最大染色深度分别为25.33、32.20、38.87cm,与入渗水量的大小呈正相关关系,表明入渗水量的增加可以促进水分向深层运动,有利于优先路径的开启;(4)入渗水量与优先流评价指数之间呈正相关关系,优先流评价指数75 mm(0.81)>50 mm(0.39)>25 mm(0.36),入渗水量增加促使优先流发育程度更高。In order to explore the existence of preferential soil flow in the Loess Plateau in western Shanxi Province and the effects of different infiltration water conditions on the degree of preferential flow development,Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in Caijiachuan small-watershed were taken as the study object,and a combination of field dyeing experiment and indoor image processing technology was used to obtain the morphological images of soil vertical profile dyeing and to extract the characteristic indicators.Six characteristic indicators,including the matrix flow depth,the dyeing area ratio,the preferential flow ratio,the length index,the average maximum dyeing depth and the coefficient of variation of staining morphology,were chosen to measure the development of preferential flow across various infiltration water scenarios based on the root mean square difference decision method.The results showed that:1)The phenomenon of preferential flow existed in the process of soil water movement of Robinia pseudoacacia forests,with the increase of infiltration water,the preferential path began to develop laterally,and the phenomenon of preferential flow side infiltration was obvious.2)The dyeing area ratio showed a non-linear decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth,and there was non-uniformity in the process of water infiltration.At an infiltration rate of 75 mm,the preferential flow ratio reached 47.11%with the highest level of preferential flow development.3)The average maximum dyeing depths under the three infiltration water conditions were 25.33,32.20 and 38.87 cm,respectively,which were positively correlated with the magnitude of infiltration water,indicating that an increase of infiltration water can directly promote the movement of soil water to deeper layers and facilitate the opening of preferential path.4)There was a positive correlation between infiltration water and the preferential flow evaluation index,with the preferential flow evaluation index of 75 mm(0.81)>50 mm(0.39)>25 mm(0.36),and the increase

关 键 词：优先流 刺槐人工林 染色示踪 晋西黄土区 入渗水量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]