基于“个体-组织”互动的AMR模型构建:中国志愿者服务供给可持续性研究  

Construction of AMR Model Based on“Individual-Organization”Interaction:A Study on the Sustainability of Volunteer Service Supply in China

作　　者：刘黄娟 李亚兰 Liu Huangjuan;Li Yalan

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学公共管理学院 [2]中国人民大学

出　　处：《中国非营利评论》2023年第2期42-67,317,318,共28页China Nonprofit Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“社区慈善助推共同富裕的机制与路径研究”(23CSH079)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国社会组织提供志愿服务在构建基层社会治理新格局过程中的重要作用日益凸显。尽管存在政策强激励,我国社会组织在志愿者管理方面仍面临志愿者流失、志愿者服务供给行为可持续性不强等问题。留住志愿者,提升志愿服务的可持续性对于基层社会治理的质量与效果至关重要。本研究通过对A社区社会组织进行持续深度访谈与观察,在扎根理论指导下进行多级编码分析发现,志愿服务供给可持续性与志愿者个体的能力(ability)、组织对个体的激励(moti-vation)、个体从组织中获取的资源(resource)三因素密切相关,从而形成中国志愿者服务可持续性分析框架——AMR模型。该模型强调志愿者服务供给过程中的“个体-组织”互动性,指出人际关系与情感依赖作为关系资源对于志愿者服务供给可持续性的重要性,凸显了中国社会关系网络与志愿服务网络“双向嵌入”的特征。此外,本研究与已有类似模型AMO绩效模型进行对话与比较,发现在中国志愿者服务供给过程中,“志愿服务认知”代替了“陪伴关系认知”,服务具有了陪伴功能,成为可持续发展的重要动力源,为我国志愿者服务改进、社区社会组织持续参与基层社会治理提供启示与借鉴。The important role of voluntary services provided by social organizations in building a new pattern of grassroots social governance in our country is becoming increasingly prominent.Despite strong policy incentives,social organizations in China still face issues such as volunteer turnover and weak sustainability of volunteer service supply behavior in volunteer management.How to retain volunteers and enhance the sustainability of volunteer services is crucial for the quality and effectiveness of grassroots social governance.This study conducted continuous in-depth interviews and observations with social organizations in community A,and conducted a multi-level coding analysis under the guidance of Constructing Grounded Theory.It was found that the sustainability of volunteer service supply is closely related to three factors:the ability of individual volunteers,the motivation of organizations to individuals,and the resources that individuals obtain from organizations.Therefore,the AMR model,a framework for analyzing the sustainability of volunteer services in China,was formed.This model emphasizes the“individual-organization”interaction in the process of volunteer service supply,points out the importance of interpersonal relationships and emotional dependence as relationship resources for the sustainability of volunteer service supply,and highlights the characteristic of“bidirectional embedding”between China’s social relationship network and volunteer service network.In addition,through dialogue and comparison with similar AMO performance models,this study found that in the process of volunteer service supply in China,“volunteer service cognition”has replaced“companion relationship cognition”,and services have the function of companionship,becoming an important driving force for sustainable development.This provides inspiration and reference for the improvement of volunteer services and the continuous participation of community social organizations in grassroots social governance in China.

关 键 词：社会组织 志愿者 志愿服务供给 可持续性 

分 类 号：D632.9[政治法律—政治学]