跨国网络视角下善堂的形塑过程与特征  

Analysis of the Shaping Process of Non-Governmental Charitable Organizations in Transnational Networks

作　　者：王惠 Wang Hui

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《中国非营利评论》2023年第2期106-127,320,共23页China Nonprofit Review

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“1949年以来香港民众流动对身份认同影响研究”(21CZS072)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明清以降,以善会善堂为主要形态的民间慈善组织实施有效的慈善救济,与政府的社会福利职责形成功能互补,稳定社会秩序。在国家与社会强弱关系变化中,慈善与宗教信仰并重的潮汕善堂形成海内外并行的两条轨迹,构建了跨国的潮人善堂网络,但是目前多数研究忽略了形塑过程中地方政府取缔反动会道门活动,并将大峰祖师信仰视为封建迷信致使善堂活动沉寂的环节。因此,本文运用史料与田野调查梳理潮人善堂海内外并行的跨国网络形塑过程,关注形塑过程中发端、普及、海外流传、危机、沉寂及复兴等环节。研究发现,在社会救济公共领域,善堂通过应对危机的经验积累和海外华侨华人与侨乡联系的变化,呈现出显著的慈善性、民间性、宗教性与跨国性特征;在社会与国家互补对立的动态演变中,社会与国家最终寻求建立一种良性的积极互动关系,这对研究中国近代慈善事业与福利组织发展有重要的启示意义。Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,folk charitable organizations,primarily represented as charity societies and halls,have played a crucial role in providing effective charitable relief.These institutions supplemented the government’s social welfare responsibilities,thereby contributing significantly to maintaining social order.Against the backdrop of evolving state-society dynamics,the emergence of Chaoshan charity halls,blending charitable endeavors with religious beliefs,gave rise to parallel trajectories domestically and internationally.This laid the foundation for a transnational network of Chaoshan charity halls.However,prevailing research often disregards the formative process influenced by local governments’crackdown on reactionary secret societies,dismissing the worship of the Saint Dafeng as feudal superstition.Consequently,this dismissal led to a decline in benevolent hall activities.Hence,utilizing historical records and field trip to chart the transnational development of Chaoshan charity halls is crucial,focusing on stages such as inception,expansion,overseas propagation,crises,stagnation,and revival.This article revealed that charity halls exhibited significant attributes in charity,grassroots involvement,religiosity,and transnational connections within the sphere of social relief.In the evolving interplay between society and the state,this study suggests an aspiration to establish a constructive interactive relationship between them.These findings hold considerable significance for understanding the evolution of modern Chinese charitable endeavors and welfare organizations.

关 键 词：跨国网络 善堂 民间慈善组织 形塑过程 

分 类 号：D693.66[政治法律—政治学]