马修·哈丁对自由主义慈善法理论的建构及其启示——评《慈善法与自由国》  

Matthew Harding’s Construction of Liberal Charity Law Theory and Its Inspiration—Review of Charity Law and the Liberal State

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作  者:张登皓 Zhang Denghao

机构地区:[1]华中科技大学马克思主义学院

出  处:《中国非营利评论》2023年第2期288-304,327,328,共19页China Nonprofit Review

摘  要:马修·哈丁的《慈善法与自由国》一书是尝试转变此前自由主义对慈善法缺乏关注之局面的重要论著。在该书中,马修·哈丁尝试建构出基于自主的自由主义慈善法理论,并通过回应由慈善法所引发的国家行为和公共话语如何符合基于自主的自由主义的期待,表明了慈善法具有促进自由的实践可能。从建构线索来看,马修·哈丁认为相较于中立性主张,自主的自由主义更具建构自由主义慈善法理论的内在势能和现实优势。但在马修·哈丁看来,构建出一套基于自主的自由主义慈善法理论具有极强的复杂性,因此他选择从“供给”侧的视角来接近而非建构一套基于自主的自由主义慈善法理论。在这套基于自主的自由主义慈善法理论中,马修·哈丁认为慈善法的促进性、激励性和表达性策略可以促进自主的自由,但这一策略需要回应好分配正义与追求慈善目的时出现的歧视等问题。将提升促进自主的能力作为慈善的使命安排和审慎界定慈善目的的内涵与外延,是马修·哈丁在该书中给予我们的重要启示。Matthew Harding’s book Charity Law and the Liberal State is an important attempt to change it that the liberalism lacks attention to charity law.In this book,Matthew Harding attempts to construct a liberal charity law theory based on autonomy,and demonstrates the practical potential of charity law to promote liberty by responding to how the state behavior and public discourse triggered by charity law aligning with the expectations of the autonomous liberalism.From the perspective of constructing clues,Matthew Harding believes that autonomous liberalism has more inherent potential and practical advantages in constructing liberal charity law theory compared to neutrality claims.But in Matthew Harding’s view,constructing a charity law theory based on au-tonomous liberalism is extremely complex,so he chooses to approach it from the per-spective of“supply”rather than constructing a charity law theoryv based on autono-mous liberalism.In this charity law theory based on autonomous liberalism,Matthew Harding believes that the promotional,motivational,and expressive strategies of chari-ty law can promote autonomous liberty,but this strategy needs to respond well to these issues such as distributive justice and discrimination in pursuing charity purposes.Making enhancing the ability to promote autonomy a mission arrangement for charity and care-fully defining the connotation and extension of charity purposes are the important inspi-ration whichv Matthew Harding shows us in this book.

关 键 词:自由主义 自主的自由 慈善法 马修·哈丁 《慈善法与自由国》 

分 类 号:D091[政治法律—政治学] D912.1

 

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