中国能源系统能流、㶲流与能效分析  

Energy and Exergy Flows and Energy Efficiency Analysis of China’s Energy System

作　　者：王永真 王璇琳 林嘉瑜 韩恺[1,2] 王丹 王剑晓[5] 何继江 WANG Yongzhen;WANG Xuanlin;LIN Jiayu;HAN Kai;WANG Dan;WANG Jianxiao;HE Jijiang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Chongqing Innovation Center,Beijing Institute of Technology,Chongqing 401120,China;Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Shenzhen 518055,China;Key Laboratory of Smart Grid,Ministry of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300192,China;The National Engineering Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Application Technology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Research Center for Energy Transition and Social Development,School of Social Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学能源与动力工程系,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学重庆创新中心,重庆401120 [3]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,深圳518055 [4]天津大学智能电网教育部重点实验室,天津300192 [5]北京大学大数据分析与应用技术国家工程实验室,北京100871 [6]清华大学社会科学学院能源转型与社会发展研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《新型电力系统》2024年第2期223-236,共14页NEW TYPE POWER SYSTEMS

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52006114);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2022B01018-2)。

摘　　要：能源领域贡献了中国近90%的碳排放,对能源系统能流与能效的多维刻画及分析对碳中和路径的顶层设计具有极其重要的作用。能量具有“数量”与“品质”的双重属性,将能量的数量分析法和品质分析法相结合,分别从热力学第一定律能流和热力学第二定律㶲流的视角,研究并刻画了2010年和2020年中国能源系统的能流图和㶲流图。并从能源生产、加工、转换、消费等角度,对比分析了中国能源系统能源各链条能流、能效与损失的特征。发现2010年和2020年中国终端能源效率从74.52%提升至79.04%,同时能源结构向绿色低碳转型。但同期中国能源系统的㶲效率仅分别为17.44%和23.91%,能源转换的㶲损失仍较大,存在大量的电能低质利用、热能不匹配利用、能源原料燃烧利用等过程。最后,就双碳目标下中国能源效率从能流视角走向㶲流视角的提出了相关建议。The energy sector contributed nearly 90%of China’s carbon emissions.Therefore,the multi-dimensional quantitative characterization and analysis of energy flow and efficiency of consumption structure has extremely important significance for the top-level design of carbon neutral path.Energy has both quantitative and qualitative attributes.In this paper,quantitative and qualitative analysis of energy system were combined based on the Sankey diagram.At first,energy and exergy flow of China in 2010 and 2020 were studied and depicted from the perspective of the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics respectively.Moreover,from the perspectives of energy production,processing,conversion and consumption,this paper compares and analyzes the energy flow,energy efficiency and loss of each chain of China’s energy system.It’s also found that China’s energy efficiency has steadily improved with the end-energy efficiency from 74.52%in 2010 reaching 79.04%by 2020.At the same time,China’s energy structure has been transformed to green and low-carbon.However,during thesame period,China’s energy system efficiency is only 17.44%and 23.91%,respectively,which is far below the energy efficiency.The exergy analysis shows that there is a great loss within the energy system from the energy perspective,including the low-quality utilization of high-quality electric energy and heat energy in the process of electrification,irreversible loss in the process of primary energy combustion,etc.Based on this,the idea of energy efficiency in China from energy perspective to exergy perspectives is put forward under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and four suggestions are put forward at the same time.

关 键 词：能源转型 能流图 㶲流图 双碳 节能 能效 

分 类 号：TK-9[动力工程及工程热物理]