异步电动机的转子断条问题研究  

Research on Rotor Bar Breakage Problem of Induction Motor

作　　者：韩雪峰 Han Xuefeng(Jiamusi Explosion-Proof Electric Machine Institute Co.,Ltd.,Jiamusi 154005,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯防爆电机研究所有限公司,黑龙江佳木斯154005

出　　处：《防爆电机》2024年第3期63-65,86,共4页Explosion-proof Electric Machine

摘　　要：讨论了异步电动机转子断条故障的特征机理,介绍了通过定子电流监测进行故障诊断的方法。概述了鼠笼式异步电动机转子断条故障可能由机械应力、过载电流和设计缺陷等因素引起,并强调了这种故障对电机性能的负面影响,包括转速异常、噪声增大和潜在的安全风险。提出了通过监测气隙磁场变化和定子电流频谱分析来诊断故障的方法。在正常情况下,电机磁动势平衡对称,而转子断条破坏了这种对称性,导致转矩波动和平均转矩下降。通过对定子电流进行频谱分析,检测到特定的谐波分量。提出结论,尽管传统理论侧重于基波的影响,实际上其他定子电流成分也参与了谐波的生成,并且可以通过监测特定频率的谐波分量来判断转子是否存在断条故障。This paper discusses the characteristic mechanisms of rotor bar breakage faults in induction motors,introduces the methods to diagnose the fault through monitoring stator current,summarizes the factors such as mechanical stress,overload current and design flaws which cause the rotor bar breakage faults in squirrel-cage induction motors,emphasizes the negative influence of such faults on motor performance including abnormal speed,increased noise and potential safety risks,and proposes the methods to diagnose the faults by monitor the changes in air-gap magnetic field and analyzing the frequency spectrum of stator current.The magnetic momentum of motor is balanced and symmetried under normal condition,but rotor bar breakage disrupts this symmetry,which leads to the fluctuation of torque and the decrease of average torque.This paper carries out by spectral analysis of stator current to detect the specific harmonic components,and points out the conclusion that although traditional theory focuses on the influence of the fundamental wave,other stator current components also participate in the generation of harmonics actually and the harmonic components with specific frequencies can monitor the presence of rotor bar breakage faults.

关 键 词：异步电动机 鼠笼式转子 转子断条故障 定子电流监测 气隙磁场 频谱分析 谐波分量 故障诊断 

分 类 号：TM307.1[电气工程—电机]