家电中的小型电机结构及故障排除  

Structure and Troubleshooting of Small Electric Motorsin Household Appliances

作　　者：杨磊 Yang Lei(Jiamusi Electric Machine Co.,Ltd.,Jiamusi 154002,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯电机股份有限公司,黑龙江佳木斯154002

出　　处：《防爆电机》2024年第3期74-77,共4页Explosion-proof Electric Machine

摘　　要：详细介绍了家用电器中小型电机的基本原理、结构、类型以及常见故障的诊断和排除方法。小型电机是家用电器正常运转的关键部件,其故障会严重影响家电的性能和安全。阐述了小型电机的工作原理,包括定子、转子、电刷和换向器等主要组成部分的功能。列举了几种常见的小型电机类型,并讨论了它们的特点及适用场景。在故障诊断方面,提出了电流检测、频谱分析和振动诊断等方法,并强调了专业维护的重要性。针对常见故障,提供了详细的排除步骤和预防措施,如检查电源、绕组、机械问题、控制电路和负载情况,同时强调了定期维护的必要性。最后,总结了预防故障的策略,包括正确安装、适宜工作环境、规范操作和专业培训等,以确保电动机的可靠性和家电的高效稳定运行。This paper introduces in detail the basic principle,structure,type and methods to diagnose and troubleshoot common faults of small motors used in household appliances.The small motors are the crucial components of normally-operated home appliances,and their faults can significantly impact the performance and safety of the home appliances.This paper explains the working principle of small motor,including the functions of the main components such as stator,rotor,electric brush and commutator.Then,this paper lists several types of commonly-used small motors,and discusses their characteristics and applicable places.In term of fault diagnosis,this paper proposes the methods of detecting current,analyzing frequency spectral and diagnosing fault,and emphases on the importance of professional maintenance.For the common faults,this paper provides the detailed troubleshooting steps and preventive measures such as the inspections of power supply,windings,mechanical problems,control circuits and load conditions,and also emphases the necessity of regular maintenance.Finally,this paper summarizes the strategies to prevent faults such as proper installation,suitable working environments,standardized operations and professional training,which can ensure the reliability of motors and the high efficient and stable operation of home appliances.

关 键 词：小型电机结构 故障诊断 故障排除 预防措施 维护管理 

分 类 号：TM307.1[电气工程—电机]