基于土壤景观模型的生态地质调查方法  

Study on eco-geological survey method based on soil landscape model

作　　者：卫晓锋 樊刘洋 孙紫坚 殷志强[4] 蒋颖 肖春蕾 陈自然 WEI Xiaofeng;FAN Liuyang;SUN Zijian;YIN Zhiqiang;JIANG Ying;XIAO Chunlei;CHEN Ziran(Sino-Zijin Resources Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100012,China;Huai'an Hydraulic Survey and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd,Huai'an 223005,Jiangsu,China;Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100012,China;China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Beijing 100081,China;China Aero Geophysical Survey&Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中色紫金地质勘查(北京)有限责任公司,北京100012 [2]淮安市水利勘测设计研究院有限公司,江苏淮安223005 [3]北京矿产地质研究院有限责任公司,北京100012 [4]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081 [5]中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083

出　　处：《地质通报》2024年第5期743-755,共13页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题《巨龙铜多金属资源基地绿色勘查与开发示范》(编号:2022YFC290505);中国地质调查局项目《承德市国家生态文明示范区综合地质调查》(编号:DD20160229-01,DD20190822)。

摘　　要：建立在调查者经验思维基础上的传统技巧性生态地质调查,野外观察点的代表性和典型性会导致调查结果不可重复,部分推断过程无法验证。建立了一套基于土壤景观模型、地质建造划分和专家调查相结合的工作方法体系,提取影响生态格局的关键环境因子,建立环境因子数据库;对环境因子进行模糊聚类,建立景观模型,得到环境因子组合隶属度分布图;划分地质建造;根据隶属度值和地质建造类型,遴选野外调查点,获取基质(土壤)类型、植物群落组合信息;将环境因子组合与生态系统类型对应,提取地质建造-环境因子-生态格局关系知识集,划分生态地质单元。该方法在河北承德市柴白河流域的应用结果表明,通过435个野外验证点,可获取环境因子-地质建造-生态系统关系规则知识集,编制的生态地质图验证精度达到84.8%。该研究方法有效地提高了生态地质野外调查工作的效率和精度。The traditional technical eco-geological survey based on the investigator's experience thinking,the representativeness and typicality of the field observation points will lead to the result of the survey being“Not repeatable”,and part of the inference process can not be verified.In this paper,an operating approach of eco-geological survey was come up,which was based on the soil landscape model,geological formation classification and field investigation.The specific steps were as follows.Firstly,the environmental factors playing an essential role in forming and developing ecological pattern were found out and environmental factors database was constructed.Secondly,Fuzzy C-Means clustering of various environmental factors was applied to establish the soil landscape model and obtain the membership distribution map of environmental combination.Thirdly,geological formations were categorized.Next,according to the membership distribution map and geological formations classification,the field survey places were determined,the matrix(soil)type and ecosystem types were summarized.Finally,the corresponding relationship between geological formation,environmental factors and ecological pattern was extracted,and the ecological geological units were divided.The new approach was applied in the Chengde Chaibaihe watershed.The corresponding relationship between ecological pattern,geologicao formation,and environmental factors was obtained based on 435 ecological geological survey places.The ecological geological map was compiled;whose accuracy was 84.8%.It was manifested that the approach improves the ecological geological survey efficiency and accuracy.

关 键 词：环境因子 地质建造 土壤景观模型 生态-地质关系规则知识 生态地质图 

分 类 号：P642.1[天文地球—工程地质学] X144[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]