聚合物在冲击荷载下的物性及“相变”实验研究进展  

Experimental Research Progress on Physical Properties and“Phase Transition”of Polymers under Impact Loading

作　　者：叶世佳 郝龙[1] 王玉锋[1] 李守瑞 耿华运[1] 李俊[1] YE Shijia;HAO Long;WANG Yufeng;LI Shourui;GENG Huayun;LI Jun(Institute of Fluid Physics,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621999,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所,四川绵阳621999

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2024年第3期90-102,共13页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12274381);冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室基金(2022JCJQLB05705,2022JCJQLB05708)。

摘　　要：聚合物被广泛应用于国防和国民经济的各个领域,在服役过程中,不可避免地暴露于高温高压等极端环境,因此,有必要研究其在冲击荷载下的物性及“相变”问题。聚合物具有独特的分子链结构,表现出异于金属等大多数材料的性能。聚合物的雨贡纽曲线低压外推的截距明显高于零压体波声速,且低压下的波剖面呈现带弧形的波系结构。在20~30 GPa压力范围,其雨贡纽曲线存在明显的转折,说明材料在冲击下发生了“相变”。首先,对该“相变”反映的化学分解和晶格结构转变进行了解释,并对其中蕴含的“相变”动力学问题进行了研究。然后,简单介绍了基于化学分解的物态方程的建模方法。最后,对聚合物在冲击荷载下的物性和“相变”研究提出了展望。Polymers are widely used in various fields of national defense and national economy.They are inevitably exposed to extreme conditions of high temperature and high pressure during applying.Thus,it is necessary to study their physical properties and“phase transition”under impact loading.Because of their characteristic molecular chain structure,polymers show different properties from most materials such as metals.The intercept extrapolated from Hugoniot curve at low pressure is obviously higher than their body sound velocity at atmospheric pressure.The wave profile at low pressure presents a structure with an arc shape.At 20–30 GPa,the Hugoniot line turns obviously,indicating that the material has undergone a“phase transition”under impact loading.The“phase transition”is explained as chemical decomposition or lattice structure transformation,and the kinetics of“phase transition”is studied.In addition,the modeling method of equation of state based on chemical decomposition is briefly introduced.Finally,the prospect is put forward according to the doubtful points in the study of physical properties and“phase transition”of polymers under impact loading.

关 键 词：聚合物 雨贡纽 状态方程 化学分解 晶格结构转变 

分 类 号：O521.2[理学—高压高温物理]