我国央地关系的地方立法诠释——以《宪法》第三条第四款为中心展开  

An Interpretive Analysis of Local Legislation in China’s Central-Local Relations-Focusing on Article 3,Section 4 of the Constitution

作　　者：沈桥林[1] Shen Qiaolin

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学政法学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2024年第6期32-42,共11页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“规范性文件合宪性事先控制的体制机制研究”(20BFX027)。

摘　　要：《宪法》第三条第四款是我国中央与地方关系的原则规范。要全面准确理解我国中央与地方事权的划分,必须将《宪法》第三条第四款和第一百零四条、第一百零七条及《立法法》等宪法性法律结合起来看,把握民主集中制原则下中央与地方权限划分的一体两面。尽管《宪法》没有明确地方事权的范围,但对地方立法权,《宪法》和《立法法》均有明晰规定。我国地方立法中,有一部分是为办好地方性事务、发挥本地方特色而设定的,这部分内容由地方自主制定、自主实施,可以构成完整的地方事权。此外,中央在赋予地方某些工作任务时,也会同时授予地方相应的立法权,工作不同、任务不同,给予地方的立法权限也不相同。根据“权责统一”原理,中央给了地方这些任务,同时也意味着给地方这些事权,尽管考虑到这些权力中央可以收回,但在收回之前应承认其是地方事权。故地方事权的具体范围,可以从地方立法权中得到明晰。Article 3,Section 4 of the Constitution constitutes the paramount normative framework regulating the relationship between the central and local governments in China.A prevailing view among scholars asserts that this provision endows localities exclusively with procedural powers,devoid of any substantial autonomy.The present paper argues that a comprehensive and precise understanding of the allocation of competencies between the central and local tiers in China necessitates a synergistic reading of Article 3,Section 4 alongside Articles 104 and 107,as well as constitutional instruments like the Legislation Law.This holistic perspective facilitates the apprehension of the dual facets of the central-local power distribution under the tenets of democratic centralism.Although the Constitution does not explicitly delineate the ambit of local competences,it offers explicit guidelines for local legislative jurisdiction.Within the corpus of Chinese subnational legislation,a segment is designed to effectively manage region-specific matters,harnessing local distinctiveness,with such enactments autonomously formulated and enforced by local entities,thereby constituting a coherent domain of local competences.Additionally,when the central government delegates specific assignments to localities,it concurrently vests them with commensurate legislative powers;the nature of the tasks and the objectives at hand dictate the degree of legislative authority conferred.Anchored in the principle of the congruence of powers and duties,the central government’s entrustment of these tasks inherently carries with it the devolution of corresponding local competences,notwithstanding the possibility of their subsequent revocation by the central authority.Pending such revocation,these powers must be acknowledged as forming part of the purview of local competences.Thus,the precise contours of local competences can be discerned through an analysis of local legislative jurisdiction.

关 键 词：中央与地方关系 地方事权 地方立法 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]