体育锻炼对大学生主观幸福感的影响:完美主义和自我增强的链式中介作用  

Effects of Physical Exercise on College Students'Subjective Well-being:Chain Mediating Role of Perfectionism and Self-enhancement

作　　者：王佳卉 成欣 王玉秀[3] WANG Jiahui;CHENG Xin;WANG Yuxiu(College of Physical Education and Health,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541006,China;School of Physical Education,Nanjing University of Technology,Nanjing 211800,China;Scientific Research Institute of Sports,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学体育与健康学院,广西桂林541006 [2]南京工业大学体育学院,江苏南京211800 [3]浙江工业大学体育科研所,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《体育学研究》2024年第2期72-82,共11页Journal of Sports Research

基　　金：浙江省“十四五”教育改革项目(GZ23311130011);浙江省级课程思政教学项目(GZ23241130004)。

摘　　要：为探究体育锻炼与主观幸福感的作用机制,研究基于自我系统要素探讨了完美主义和自我增强在两者之间的链式中介作用。被试为951名大学生(年龄=19.21±1.02岁,男=515人,女=436人)。结果表明:①大学生体育锻炼与主观幸福感之间存在显著正相关(r=0.152)。②在链式中介模型中,体育锻炼对主观幸福感的总预测效应为0.0838,其中直接预测效应为0.0649,总的间接效应为0.0189,均达到了统计学意义。③体育锻炼对主观幸福感的间接影响分别由完美主义的负向中介效应(效应值为-0.0158;效应占比18.85%)、自我增强的正向中介效应(效应值为0.0326;效应占比38.90%)以及两者的正向交互效应(效应值为0.0021;效应占比2.50%)组成。④完美主义与自我增强的链式中介效应低于各自的独立中介效应,其差异均存在统计学差异。结论:体育锻炼对大学生主观幸福感具有预测效应,这种效应的机制包括体育锻炼的直接效应、完美主义的负向中介、自我增强的正向中介以及两者的链式中介作用,自我增强对完美主义的负向中介效应产生“缓冲”作用。研究建议从大学生自我增强因素入手以削减完美主义的负面影响,为有效提升体育锻炼对主观幸福感的积极效应提供理论依据。In order to explore the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being,this study examines the chain mediating role between perfectionism and self-enhancement based on the elements of the self-system.The subjects were 951 college students(age=19.21±1.02 years old,male=515,female=436).The results show that:(1)there is a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and subjective well-being of college students(r=0.152).(2)In the chain mediation model,the total predictive effect of physical exercise on subjective well-being was 0.0838,where the direct predictive effect was 0.0649 and the total indirect effect was 0.0189,both of which reach statistical significance.(3)The indirect influence of physical exercise on subjective well-being consists of negative mediation effect of perfectionism(effect value-0.0158;effect proportion 18.85%),positive mediation effect of self-enhancement(effect value 0.0326;effect proportion 38.90%)and positive interaction effect of the two(effect value 0.0021;effect proportion 2.50%).(4)The chain mediating effect of perfectionism and self-enhancement is lower than that of their own independent mediating effect,and the differences are both statistically significant.It is therefore concluded that physical exercise has a predictive effect on the subjective well-being of college students.The mechanism of this effect includes the direct effect of physical exercise,the negative mediating effect of perfectionism,the positive mediating effect of self-enhancement and the chain mediating effect of both.Self-enhancement has a"buffering"effect on the negative mediating effect of perfectionism.The study suggests that the self-enhancement factors of college students should be used to reduce the negative effects of perfectionism,so as to provide theoretical basis for effectively enhancing the positive effects of physical exercise on subjective well-being.

关 键 词：体育锻炼 主观幸福感 完美主义 自我增强 链式中介 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]