超长溢流宽度大流量溢洪道泄洪水力特性研究  

Study on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Flood Discharge from a Large Flow Spillway with Extra Long Overflow Width

作　　者：朱光明 尹进步[1] 刘志明 阳洲 杜振康 何红 ZHU Guangming;YIN Jinbu;LIU Zhiming;YANG Zhou;DU Zhenkang;HE Hong(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China;New Energy Branch of Wuling Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410029,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]五凌电力有限公司新能源分公司,湖南长沙410029

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期77-84,共8页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51879227)。

摘　　要：受地形、地质等因素的影响,超大库容、大泄量水利工程泄量分配与消能防冲问题十分复杂。尼雷尔工程采用堰上低水头、超长溢流宽度、大泄量溢洪道布置形式。为准确了解尼雷尔工程溢洪道实际泄洪能力和下游消能防冲与汇流等水力特性,通过模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,对不同方案下溢洪道的流量系数、消能率、坝后水流归槽情况、河道流速等进行了研究。研究结果表明:原设计低水头高堰溢洪道实际过流能力满足设计要求,采用数值模拟方法可以避免模型试验中缩尺效应的影响;坝面采用台阶高度1.5 m的消能方式消能效果最佳,护坦内部的侧向汇流也比较平稳顺畅,两侧来流在护坦内对撞消能后进入下游主河槽,坝后主河槽平均水深增大近30%,平均流速降低约20%。研究结果可为高坝大库容工程的泄洪消能设计提供参考。The Nyerere project adopts the layout of low weir head,ultra overflow width and large discharge spillway.In order to accurately understand its actual flood discharge capacity,downstream energy dissipation,anti-scour and confluence hydraulic characteristics,the flow coefficient,energy dissipation rate,water flow back to the channel,river velocity and so on under different schemes were studied by combining model test and numerical simulation.The results are as follows.The actual flow capacity of the originally designed spillway with low head and high weir meets the design requirements,and the effect of scaling effect can be avoided by using numerical simulation method.The energy dissipation method with the step height of 1.5 m is the best for the dam surface,and the lateral confluence inside the apron is relatively smooth.The incoming flow from both sides collides with energy in the apron and enters the downstream main channel. The average water depth of the main channel behind the dam has increased by nearly 30%, and the average velocity has decreased by about 20%.

关 键 词：超长溢流宽度溢洪道 堰上低水头 流量系数 消能防冲 侧向汇流 

分 类 号：TV651[水利工程—水利水电工程]