表面增强拉曼散射技术应用于基因分析的研究进展  

Research Progress of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering in Gene Analysis

作　　者：王波[1] 王宇春 张超 郜洪胜 贺慧英 WANG Bo;WANG Yu-chun;ZHANG Chao;GAO Hong-sheng;HE Hui-ying(College of Life Science,Jiamusi University,Jiamusi 154007,China;Shenzhen Agricultural Genomics Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 440307,China)

机构地区：[1]佳木斯大学生命科学学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,广东深圳440307

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2024年第6期1512-1517,共6页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：黑龙江省高等学校基本科研业务项目(2020-KYYWF-0237);中国博士后科学基金项目(第67批面上资助二等)资助。

摘　　要：基因是生物体中传递遗传信息的基本单位,对从分子水平上理解生命现象具有重要意义。近年来针对基因的高效检测及基因相关领域的研究备受关注,基因检测的常用方法是分子生物学方法,主要集中在实验室内开展。相对而言表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)实时表征技术在基因分析中具有很好的应用前景,在基因的检测与鉴别的一些领域逐渐发挥出明显的优势。SERS是一种重要的光谱分析技术,是基于光化学技术的生物活性分子传感器。20世纪70年代,SERS现象的发现给光谱技术的研究注入了新的活力。由于SERS技术不受水分子干扰,因此具有灵敏度高、选择性高、信息量大以及适合水溶液物质研究等优点,能够快速、准确地为生物提供丰富的结构信息,即分子的“指纹”信息。在生命科学领域,SERS技术越来越多地应用于目标样本的原位无损探测。通过对拉曼光谱技术的特点,结合基因的结构特征进行分析,简要介绍了拉曼光谱的原理,围绕SERS散射的原理综述了拉曼光谱信号放大的增强模式和增强介质材料,解决了其含量低检测难、灵敏度低、信号复杂、选择性和特异性差以及信号重现性和稳定性不佳等难点,因此在基因分析领域中得到迅速发展,成为国内外研究的热点,显示出独特的价值和作用;重点阐述了SERS在DNA分子结构、DNA作用机制等方面的探索;并且针对SERS技术结合最新生物技术用于基因分析进行分类综述,讨论了SERS基因分析技术在疾病诊断、病原检测、药物分析、转基因鉴定等方面的最新进展,总结了SERS技术在实际应用中面临的机遇与挑战,简要分析其存在的问题以及在生命科学领域发展的方向和潜力,并对SERS技术广阔的应用前景进行了展望。Genes are carriers of genetic information and are important for understanding biological phenomena at the molecular level.In recent years,the efficient detection of genes and the research in gene-related fields have attracted great attention.The common molecular biological method adopted for genetic testing is a laboratory test.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)real-time characterization technology has gradually played a significant advantage in gene detection,identification,and analysis.Raman spectroscopy is a progressive bioactive molecular sensor based on photochemical technology.This paper reviewed the progress of research on surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)of gene analysis in recent years.The potential application of gene analysis in the biological field is speculated.In the 1970s,the discovery and confirmation of the SERS phenomenon rekindled the research of Raman spectroscopy.Since the SERS technique is not interfered with by water,it possesses advantages such as high sensitivity、high selectivity、a large amount of information,and the ability to study the structure of aqueous solution substances,SERS can provide abundant structural information for organisms quickly and accurately,which is the"fingerprint"information of molecules.It has been widely employed in the in-situ non-destructive detection of target samples,amongst others.It improves the efficiency of R&D and production.SERS has developed rapidly in gene analysis and has become a hot topic at home and abroad,which shows unique value and role.In this paper,the principle and classification of Raman spectroscopy are briefly introduced by analyzing the characteristics of Raman spectroscopy combined with the structural characteristics of genes,Focusing on the principle of SERS scattering,the enhancement mode of Raman spectral signal amplification and the enhancement of substrate materials and beacons,ways to solve the problems of low content detection difficulty,low sensitivity,complex signal,poor selectivity and specificity,and poor signa

关 键 词：表面增强拉曼散射 基因 研究进展 

分 类 号：Q81[生物学—生物工程]