针对船舶排放污染物分布监测的地基快速IDOAS技术研究  

Study on Ground-Based Fast IDOAS for Monitoring the Distribution of Pollutants Discharged From Ship

作　　者：胡春桥 罗宇涵 宋润泽 常振 奚亮 周海金 司福祺 HU Chun-qiao;LUO Yu-han;SONG Run-ze;CHANG Zhen;XI Liang;ZHOU Hai-jin;SI Fu-qi(Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院,安徽光学精密机械研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]中国科学技术大学,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2024年第6期1537-1545,共9页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金专项项目(41941011);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2020439)资助。

摘　　要：针对我国船舶排放污染物防治的迫切需求,2021年中国出台了《船舶大气污染物排放监测通用要求》,对船舶大气污染物排放的监测精度提出了更高的要求。现阶段,我国内河中的多数船只都以低端柴油发动机作为主要动力来源,并在未来的很长一段时间内,柴油机都将继续作为船舶的主要动力装置使用。船舶使用的油品通常杂质多、品质差,加上柴油发动机大多较为老旧,老化的柴油发动机工作时会排放大量硫氧化合物、氮氧化合物等大气污染物,对大气环境造成严重危害,因此对于船舶大气污染物排放的监测研究尤为重要。基于成像差分吸收光谱技术研制了一套地基快速成像差分吸收光谱系统,能够实现对污染物空间分布的“拍照”式探测。系统时间分辨率可达秒级,系统视场角为6°×6°。选择无云条件下的正午天顶太阳散射光光谱作为参考光谱并使用QDOAS软件对获得的数据进行反演。根据系统中摄像头采集到的观测区域图像信息,将污染气体浓度信息与空间信息进行匹配,能够获得船舶大气污染物的空间二维分布情况。为验证系统的可靠性,2022年9月,在铜陵以发电厂烟羽中的SO_(2)为目标进行了比对验证实验,并与推扫地基成像差分吸收光谱仪器的结果进行了相关性分析,SO_(2)斜柱浓度的相关性为0.935。2022年12月,采用地基快速成像差分吸收光谱系统对长江船舶污染物排放进行了观测,获取了时间分辨率为5 s的SO_(2)连续空间二维分布信息,通过与摄像头获取的图像信息匹配,能够将高浓度排放追溯到具体船只。该研究为船舶等快速移动污染源的监测提供了有效的实时监测手段,为船舶排放的治理提供了可靠的数据支撑。In order to meet the needs of the prevention and control of pollutants emitted from ships in China,China issued the General Requirements for the Monitoring of Air Pollutant Emission from ships in 2021,and monitoring air pollutants from ships has become an urgent task.Currently,most ships in inland rivers in China use low-end diesel engines as the main power plant,and diesel engines will continue to be used as the main power plant for a long time in the future.The oil products used by ships usually have many impurities and poor quality.Coupled with the fact that most diesel engines are relatively old,they will continue to emit air pollutants such as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides when sailing and entering and leaving the port,which cause serious harm to human health and atmospheric,ecological environment,so the monitoring and research of pollutants in ship exhaust are particularly important.In this paper,based on the imaging differential absorption spectroscopy technology,a ground-based fast imaging differential absorption spectroscopy systems is developed,which can detect the spatial distribution of pollutants.The time resolution of the system can reach seconds,and the field of view angle of the system is 6°×6°.The data inversion is based on the QDOAS software,and the solar scattering spectrum of the zenith at noon is selected as the reference spectrum to retrieve the inclined column concentration of the polluted gas in the observation area.According to the image information of the observation area captured by the camera in the system,the two-dimensional spatial distribution image of pollutants can be obtained by matching the pollutant concentration information with the spatial information.In order to verify the reliability of the system,a comparative verification experiment aimed at SO_(2)in the smoke plume of a power plant was carried out in Tongling in September 2022,and the results were compared with the results of the sweep ground-based imaging differential absorption spectrometer.The results show that

关 键 词：快速成像差分吸收光谱技术 二维分布 船舶大气污染 二氧化硫 

分 类 号：O433.1[机械工程—光学工程]