微塑料对土壤生态系统的影响及其修复技术  

Effects of microplastics on soil ecosystems and remediation technologies

作　　者：李信茹 董翠敏 石峰 周民 米屹东 苏海磊[2] 刘雪松 王凡凡 魏源[2] LI Xinru;DONG Cuimin;SHI Feng;ZHOU Min;MI Yidong;SU Hailei;LIU Xuesong;WANG Fanfan;WEI Yuan(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;National Center for Science&Technology Evaluation;College of Environment,Hohai University)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院 [2]环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,中国环境科学研究院 [3]国家科技评估中心 [4]河海大学环境学院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2024年第3期732-741,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977294);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201001)。

摘　　要：由于农膜破碎、污水灌溉等活动,土壤中的微塑料含量与丰度正逐渐超越海洋,并成为土壤的主要污染源之一。土壤生物能吸收土壤微塑料,其中粮食作物中的微塑料能通过食物链进入人体,造成人体微塑料暴露风险,此外,土壤微塑料也会直接对土壤产生毒性。概述了微塑料在土壤生态系统中的来源、迁移等环境行为,重点综述了微塑料对土壤生态系统的影响。结果表明:1)微塑料能通过土壤颗粒间的空隙、植物侧根裂缝及动物运动等在土壤环境系统中迁移转运;2)微塑料能影响土壤物理化学性质、植物生长发育、动物行为和微生物多样性;3)微生物和酶能降解土壤环境中的微塑料,并直接减少土壤系统中的微塑料,而生物炭可以减轻微塑料对土壤生态系统的毒性,三者均为土壤微塑料修复技术的潜在选择。最后,提出了土壤微塑料未来可能的研究方向,以期为土壤微塑料的污染防治提供指导。Due to agricultural film fragmentation,sewage irrigation and other anthropogenic activities,the content and abundance of microplastics in soil are gradually surpassing those in the ocean,and becoming one of the main pollution sources of soil.Soil organisms can absorb soil microplastics,among which microplastics in food crops can enter the human body through the food chain,causing the risk of human microplastic exposure.In addition,soil microplastics can also directly cause toxicity to soil.The sources,migration and other environmental behavior of microplastics in soil ecosystem were summarized,and the impact of microplastics on soil ecosystem was emphasized.The results mainly include the following aspects:(1)Microplastics can migrate and transport in the soil environmental system through the space between soil particles,the root cracks of plants and the movement of animals.(2)Microplastics can affect soil physical and chemical properties,plant growth and development,animal behavior and microbial diversity.(3)Microorganisms and enzymes can degrade microplastics in the soil environment and directly reduce microplastics in the soil system,while biochar can reduce the toxicity of microplastics to the soil ecosystem.All three are potential options for soil microplastics remediation technologies.Finally,the possible research direction of soil microplastics in the future was proposed,in order to provide guidance for the pollution control of soil microplastics.

关 键 词：微塑料污染 土壤 植物 动物 微生物 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]