广西17家胶合板生产企业的主要职业卫生问题调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of main occupational health problems in 17 plywood manufacturing enterprises in Guangxi

作　　者：黄文华 钟键源 赵佳琳 林俊杰 罗京京 黄吉[2] 区仕燕[1] 姜岳明[1] HUANG Wenhua;ZHONG Jianyuan;ZHAO Jialin;LIN Junjie;LUO Jingjing;HUANG Ji;OU Shiyan;JIANG Yueming(Department of Toxicology,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China;Occupational Health and Toxicity Evaluation Institute,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学公共卫生学院毒理学系,广西南宁530021 [2]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院职业卫生与毒性评价所

出　　处：《沈阳医学院学报》2024年第3期278-282,共5页Journal of Shenyang Medical College

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(No.Z20200688)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨广西17家胶合板生产企业存在的主要职业危害因素、职业防护设施效果以及对工人健康的影响,为减少职业性危害、保护工人身心健康提供科学依据。方法:以17家胶合板生产企业为观察对象,通过职业病危害因素检测和职业卫生调查,对主要职业卫生问题进行综合分析评价。结果:17家胶合板生产企业木粉尘、甲醛、噪声、高温的超标率分别为5.6%、28.1%、24.9%、29.1%。17家噪声超标,5家木粉尘和甲醛超标,仅2家高温超标。生产防护设施的防尘、防毒符合率为98.3%,防暑设施符合率为88.2%,噪声防护设施符合率为76.5%。个人防护用品佩戴与使用符合率为52.9%,安装洗眼喷淋装置符合率为58.8%。17家企业总体检率为42.6%(705/1654),体检异常检出率为14.6%,其中听力、胸部X线片、肺功能异常检出率分别为7.4%、2.1%、1.7%。结论:广西17家胶合板生产企业的主要职业卫生问题是木粉尘、甲醛、噪声、高温,尤以噪声较为突出。针对木粉尘、甲醛的防控效果较好,对于高温、噪声的防控措施需要进一步加强。Objective:To investigate the main occupational hazards,occupational protection facilities and workers'health examination in 17 plywood manufacturing enterprises in Guangxi,so as to provide valuable basis for ensuring workers'physical and mental health.Methods:A total of 17 plywood enterprises in Guangxi were selected as the observation objects.Through the occupational hazard assessment survey,the occupational hazards in the working environment and the collection of workers'occupational health examination data,the main occupational health problems were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated.Results:The over-standard rates of wood dust,formaldehyde,noise,and high temperature in 17 plywood manufacturing enterprises were 5.6%,28.1%,24.9%,and 29.1%,respectively.The noise in 17 enterprises exceeded standards,the mood dust and formaldehyde in 5 enterprises exceeded standards,and high temperature in 2 enterprises exceeded standards.The coincidence rate of dustproof and poisonproof facilities in production protection was 98.3%,the coincidence rate of heat-proof facilities was 88.2%and the coincidence rate of noise protection facilities was 76.5%.The coincidence rate of wearing and using personal protective equipment was 52.9%,and the coincidence rate of installing eyewash spray devices was 58.8%.The total physical examination rate in 17 enterprises was 42.6%(705/1654),and the abnormal detection rate of physical examination was 14.6%,among which the abnormal detection rates of hearing,chest X-ray,and lung function were 7.4%,2.1%,and 1.7%,respectively.Conclusions:The main occupational health problems in 17 plywood manufacturing enterprises in Guangxi are wood dust,formaldehyde,noise,and high temperature,especially noise.The prevention and control effects of wood dust and formaldehyde are good,but the prevention and control measures for high temperature and noise need to be further strengthened.

关 键 词：胶合板生产企业 主要职业卫生问题 职业卫生调查 职业危害因素检测 职业健康体检 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]