郑州市常绿灌木滞留颗粒物能力及季节差异  

Particles Retention Capacity and Seasonal Variation of Evergreen Shrubs in Zhengzhou

作　　者：贺丹[1] 王翼飞 原江琴 李朝梅 王晨旭 雷雅凯[1] 刘艺平[1] 李永华[1] HE Dan;WANG Yi-fei;YUAN Jiang-qin;LI Chao-mei;WANG Chen-xu;LEI Ya-kai;LIU Yi-ping;LI Yong-hua(College of Landscape Architecture and Art,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2024年第3期257-265,共9页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31600579);河南省科技攻关项目(212102110185);河南省青年骨干教师资助项目(2020GGJS049);河南农业大学大学生创新训练计划(2022DC034)。

摘　　要：选取郑州市12种常见常绿阔叶灌木为研究材料,运用3级滤膜法测定叶片对各粒径颗粒物(TSP、PM_(>10)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5))的滞留量,并通过超景深显微镜和扫描电镜观察比较12种灌木的叶表面微形态结构,分析灌木叶片的滞尘能力、滞尘粒度特征及季节差异。结果表明:1)不同植物的滞尘能力差异显著(P<0.05),火棘和夹竹桃滞留各粒径颗粒物的能力最强,洒金桃叶珊瑚和南天竹最弱。叶片滞留的颗粒物以PM_(>10)为主,其次为PM_(2.5),PM_(2.5~10)的占比最小,在2.52%~15.36%。2)各植物在滞尘粒度特征和滞尘量方面存在季节差异。植物对不同粒径颗粒物的滞留量总体呈现冬季大于春、夏、秋三季的规律,但对PM_(>10)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(2.5~10)的质量占比分别在冬春季、夏季和春季最高。3)叶表面微结构观察表明,叶尖和叶尾是滞留颗粒物的重要部位,而微结构如沟槽、凸起、绒毛、簇状结构等微形态结构则增强了植物的滞尘能力。电镜观察发现,有些植物叶表面具有菌丝,相关分析发现蜡质含量越多则菌丝越多,滞尘能力越强。滞尘树种的筛选应该综合考虑滞尘量、滞尘粒度及季节更替等因素,火棘和夹竹桃对各粒径颗粒物的滞留能力均较强,可以作为郑州市园林绿化中的首选树种。The objective of this study was to explore the particle retention capacity and seasonal variations of evergreen broad-leaved shrubs under long-term pollution in Zhengzhou.Twelve common evergreen broad-leaved shrubs were selected to quantified particles of different sizes(TSP,PM_(>10),PM_(10),PM_(2.5))per unit leaf area using 3-layer membrane filtration method.To explore the influence of leaf surface micromorphology on dust-retention capability,grain size and seasonal differences,the leaf surface micromorphology of the 12 shrubs was observed by ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Our results showed that 1)there were significant differences in dust retention capacity among the 12 shrubs(P<0.05).The shrubs with the strongest dust-retention ability were Pyracantha fortuneana and Nerium indicum,while the weakest ones were Aucuba japonica and Nandina domestica.The particles retained in the leaves were mainly PM_(>10),followed by PM_(2.5),and the smallest proportion of the ratio of PM_(2.5-10)mass per unit leaf area to total dust content ranged from 2.52%to 15.36%.2)All 12 shrubs displayed significant differences in dust grain size and retention amount between the seasons.However,the mass proportion for PM_(>10),PM_(2.5)and PM_(2.5-10)was the highest in winter and spring,summer,spring,respectively.3)Micromorphological observations of the leaf surfaces showed that the tip and tail of the leaf were the important parts of trapping particulate matter,and the micro-morphological structures such as grooves,bulges,villi and the clustered structures enhanced the dust retention capability of plants.At the same time,we found that the leaf surface of some plants had hyphae by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The correlation analysis indicated that the more the wax content,the more hyphae,the stronger the dust retention capability.The screening of dust retention tree species should be comprehensively considered many factors,such as dust retention amount,particle size and seasonal replacem

关 键 词：常绿阔叶灌木 滞留能力 粒度 季节差异 叶表微形态 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]