宁夏不同生态类型区土壤养分状况比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Soil Nutrient Status across Different Ecological Zones in Ningxia

作　　者：李百云[1] 许泽华[1] 郭鑫年[2] 周涛[2] LI Baiyun;XU Zehua;GUO Xinnian;ZHOU Tao(Horticulture Research Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2024年第5期434-440,共7页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BCF01049、2021BBF2011);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：为了解宁夏土壤地力养分状况,对宁夏三个生态区主要土壤类型进行典型区域采样,测定了0~40 cm土层土壤pH、有机碳(组分)、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷、阳离子交换量(CEC)以及交换性钾、钠、钙、镁和颗粒组成、矿物组成等理化性状。结果表明,中部干旱带土壤养分含量最低,其次为宁南山区,引黄灌区营养状况总体最好。pH和盐基饱和度均是引黄灌区(银北)最高,宁南山区最低,矿质离子含量中部干旱带最低。土壤颗粒组成中,宁南山区土壤组成最好,中间粗细颗粒占主要成分。宁南山区黑垆土和灰褐土的土壤氮含量较高,分别是0.83 g/kg和1.51 g/kg,其余土壤均低于0.60 g/kg,土壤氮素匮乏。引黄灌区盐碱土和灌淤土速效磷含量分别为19.62 mg/kg和18.28 mg/kg,是该生态区灰漠土和灰钙土的速效磷3~4倍。中部干旱带黄绵土速效磷含量为15.82 mg/kg,而宁南山区黄绵土速效磷含量仅为3.13 mg/kg,不足1/5。引黄灌区(银北)的灰漠土和宁南山区灰褐土有机碳含量分别为19.09 g/kg和17.43 g/kg,明显高于其他生态区土壤,其他土壤均低于10.00 g/kg,在全国土壤养分分级中处于第四级及以下,表明宁夏土壤总体有机质含量偏低。引黄灌区和中部干旱带有机质中的胡敏素含量较高,而宁南山区黑垆土和灰褐土中腐殖酸含量较高。To understand the soil fertility and nutrient status in Ningxia,soil samples from major soil types across three ecological zones were collected and analyzed for pH,organic carbon,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus,cation exchange capacity,and exchangeable potassium,sodium,calcium,and magnesium as well as particle and mineral compositions within the 0 to 40 cm soil layer.The results indicated that the central arid zone had the lowest soil nutrient content,followed by the southern mountain area,with the best overall nutrient status found in the Yinhuang irrigation district.The pH and salt base saturation were highest in the Yinhuang irrigation district(north of Yinchuan)and lowest in the southern mountain area,with the lowest mineral ion content in the central arid zone.The southern mountain area had the best soil particle composition,predominantly consisting of medium coarse particles.The soils of the southern mountain area black loessial soil and grey-brown soil had relatively high nitrogen content,at 0.83 g/kg and 1.51 g/kg respectively,with other soils all below 0.60 g/kg,indicating a deficiency in soil nitrogen.The saline and irrigated soils in the Yinhuang irrigation area had available phosphorus contents of 19.62 mg/kg and 18.28 mg/kg,respectively,three to four times than that of the the grey desert soil and grey calcium soil in the same ecological zone.The available phosphorus content of the loess soil in the central arid zone was 15.82 mg/kg,while it was only 3.13 mg/kg in the loess soil of the southern mountain area,less than one fifth.The gray desert soil in the Yinhuang irrigation area(north of Yinchuan)and the gray and brown soil in the southern mountain area had organic carbon contents of 19.09 g/kg and 17.43 g/kg respectively,significantly higher than other ecological areas where soil organic carbon content was generally below 10.00 g/kg,placing them in the fourth tier or lower in the national soil nutrient classification,indicating that overall soil organic matter c

关 键 词：土壤养分 生态类型区 土壤类型 比较 宁夏 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S151.9[农业科学—农业基础科学]