考虑乘客动态需求的应急接驳公交调度优化  

Optimization of Emergency Bus Dispatching Scheme Based on Passenger Dynamic Demand

作　　者：刘璐菲 周慧娟[1] 张尊栋[1] LIU Lufei;ZHOU Huijuan;ZHANG Zundong(Beijing key laboratory of intelligent Control Technology for Urban Road Traffic,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学城市道路交通智能控制技术北京市重点实验室,北京100144

出　　处：《交通工程》2024年第5期106-113,共8页Journal of Transportation Engineering

摘　　要：传统的应急接驳公交调度方案均是基于固定的乘客需求构建模型,无法准确地预测和满足乘客的实时需求,从而导致应急车站出现过度拥挤和乘客滞留的情况,本文依据滞留乘客出行OD得到乘客到达率函数,并根据乘客到达率函数合理设置应急接驳线路中公交车的停站方案。基于Q-learning模型,综合滞留乘客在应急公交车站的到达率、乘客出行OD,设定Q-learning强化学习的动作、状态以及奖励函数,引入乘客到达率函数这一动态因素,考虑乘客的动态需求,改进优化方法。改进后的算法模型,其奖励函数随在不同时空会进行重塑,由于乘客到达率在不同时间不同车站是不同的,即乘客在不同时空具备不同的出行需求,从而表示为滞留乘客的动态需求。优化后的方法,能对乘客的动态需求进行实时响应,满足滞留乘客在不同时空的出行需求,提高应急接驳公交调度的服务效率,同时降低接驳公交的运行时间以及运营成本。以北京地铁13号线为例,对比传统调度方案与优化后的调度方案,结果表明:在完成相同客运任务的情况下,优化方法可使乘客平均等待时间在上行方向和下行方向分别降低21.05%和15.80%。本文提出的改进方法能针对中断时间内滞留乘客的动态需求实时调度应急接驳公交车,降低了中断区间内滞留乘客的出行延误时间,提高了中断区间内应急接驳公交的服务效率。The traditional emergency bus dispatching scheme is based on fixed passenger demand to build a model,which is unable to accurately predict and meet the real-time demand of passengers.This leads to overcrowding and stranded passengers at emergency bus stations,causing considerable inconvenience to passengers and reducing the efficiency and quality of emergency services.To respond to the dynamic demand of passengers and guarantee their successive trips,this study optimizes emergency feeder bus dispatching using an improved Q-learning model.The model integrates the arrival rate of stranded passengers at emergency stations and passengers travel OD and sets Q-learning reinforcement learning actions,states,and reward functions to optimize the service efficiency,travel time,and operation cost of emergency bus dispatching.Taking Beijing Metro Line 13 as an example and comparing the traditional dispatching scheme with the optimized dispatching scheme,the results show that:with the completion of the same passenger transport task,the optimization method proposed in this paper can reduce the average passenger waiting time by 21.05%and 15.80%in the upward and downward directions,respectively.The improvement method proposed in this paper can dispatch emergency feeder buses in real time in response to the dynamic demand of stranded passengers during disruption,which reduces the travel delay time of stranded passengers and improves the service efficiency of emergency feeder buses during disruption.

关 键 词：城市轨道交通 应急接驳公交 强化学习 动态需求 地铁运营中断 

分 类 号：U491.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]