“自我所有”再考察——克服柯亨指证的诺齐克对马克思的挑战  

Reexamination of “Self-Ownership”:Overcoming Nozick's Challenge to Marx as Cohen's Testimony

作　　者：薛丹妮 XUE Danni(Institute of Philosophy,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院哲学研究所,上海200025

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期16-22,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences edition Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(16CZX005)。

摘　　要：马克思关于资本主义社会的剥削指控内含自我所有观念。不过,不同于古典自由主义与自由至上主义作为自然权利与道德原则的自我所有观念,马克思将自我所有观念把握为资本主义生产条件下作为商品的劳动力自我所有权,强调其社会性、必要性与历史性,超越了前两种自我所有观念的自然直接性、至上神圣性与无限永恒性。诺齐克基于古典自由主义与自由至上主义的自我所有观念向马克思发起的挑战,即认为马克思支持再分配制度与其预设自我所有观念矛盾,并不如柯亨指证般让马克思不堪一击。Marx's allegation of exploitation in capitalist society presupposes the idea of self-ownership.However,unlike the concepts of self-ownership of classical liberalism and libertarianism with self-ownership as the natural right and moral principle,Marx recognizes the self-ownership of labor as a commodity under the conditions of capitalist production,and emphasizes its sociality,necessity,and historicity,which transcend the natural directness,supremacy and infinite eternity of the first two concepts of self-ownership.Thus,Nozick's challenge to Marx based on the concepts of self-ownership of classical liberalism and libertarianism,that is,the contradiction between Marx's support for redistribution and his self-ownership presupposition,does not make Marx as vulnerable as Cohen argues.

关 键 词：自我所有 劳动价值论 劳动财产权 剥削 再分配 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]