说“抄手”  

A Historical Investigation on“Chaoshou(抄手)”

作　　者：陈中钰 Chen Zhongyu(School of Liberal Arts,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学文学院,北京100081

出　　处：《现代语文》2024年第3期58-64,共7页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：作为小吃名称的“抄手”,属于词义引申的结果,其原义是行为,引申义是具有行为姿态特征的事物。其词义隐晦的主要原因是引申方式不符合常规,其语素义不是来自“抄”的基本义,并且词语本身具有多个义项。同时,围绕“抄”字的词义演变梳理其核心义,可以发现,“抄”由本义“用以叉取的金属器具”引申为“叉取”这一动作义,接着由“叉取”通过隐喻的途径引申为“抢劫、强取”“誊写”“舀取”等义,然后这三个义项又通过隐喻或者转喻引申出其他意义。在这一基础上,分别探求了动词“抄手”和名词“抄手”的词汇化过程。从近代时期至现代时期,动词“抄手”的词义发生了转移。在现代汉语“抄手”的不同义项中,表小吃义为绝对高频用法。As the name of a snack,the meaning of word“chaoshou(抄手)”is the result of word meaning extension.Its original meaning is to denote an act,and the extended meaning is to show something that has the characteristics of that act.The main reason for the obscurity of the meaning of“chaoshou(抄手)”is that the way of extension does not conform to the convention,for its morphemic meaning does not come from the basic meaning of“chao(抄)”,and“chaoshou(抄手)”itself has multiple meanings.Focusing on the evolution of the core meaning of the word“chao(抄)”,it can be found that its original meaning is extended from“instruments of metal used for forklifting”to the action meaning of“fork”,and then from“fork”to“rob,plunder”,“copy”and“scoop”through metaphors,and then these three meanings are extended to other meanings through metaphor or metonymy.On this basis,the lexicalization process of the verb“chaoshou(抄手)”and the noun“chaoshou(抄手)”is explored.From modern times to now,the meaning of the verb“chaoshou(抄手)”has shifted.In the different meanings of modern Chinese“chaoshou(抄手)”,the meaning of snack is an absolutely high-frequency usage.

关 键 词：“抄手” 构词理据 词义隐晦 核心义 词汇化 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语] H14