秸秆还田条件下不同施钾量对玉米生长、钾吸收与利用的影响  

Effects of Different Potassium Application Rates on Maize Growth,Potassium Uptake and Utilization Under Straw Returning Conditions

作　　者：刘浩楠 张吉立[2] 刘欣 杨栗恒 尚磊 蒋雨洲 王鹏[1] LIU Haonan;ZHANG Jili;LIU Xin;YANG Liheng;SHANG Lei;JIANG Yuzhou;WANG Peng(College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Department of Economics and Management,Daqing Vocational College,Daqing 163255,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]大庆职业学院经济管理系,黑龙江大庆163255

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2024年第6期1-6,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江半干旱区春玉米全程机械化丰产增效技术体系集成与示范(2018YFD0300101-2)。

摘　　要：为促进玉米生产中科学施用钾肥,在九三分公司大西江农场大田生产条件下设置4个钾肥处理,施用量分别为0 kg·hm^(-2)(对照,K0)、60 kg·hm^(-2)(K1)、75 kg·hm^(-2)(K2)、90 kg·hm^(-2)(K3),研究秸秆全量还田条件下不同施钾量对玉米-大豆轮作中玉米生长发育、产量、钾肥利用率及经济效益的影响。结果表明,K2叶绿素含量在整个试验期间均显著高于K0,大喇叭口期至灌浆期K1显著高于K0;茎粗K2在拔节期至灌浆期均显著高于K0,K1与K0之间无显著差异;茎、叶干物质积累量K1、K2、K3之间无显著差异,苞叶干物质积累量、总干物质积累量K2显著高于K1,K1和K0之间总干物质积累量无显著差异;不同钾肥施用量处理间的茎、叶、轴、籽粒中钾积累量无显著差异,K3总钾积累量显著高于K1和K0;不同施钾量不会对玉米产量、产值和经济效益产生显著影响,本研究条件下,施钾量增加会显著降低钾肥的偏生产力。综上所述,大西江农场秸秆还田条件下玉米适宜的钾肥施用量为60~75 kg·hm^(-2)。In order to promote the scientific application of potassium fertilizer in maize production,four potassium fertilizer treatments were set up under the field production conditions of Daxijiang Farm under the Jiusan Management Bureau,with application rates of 0 kg·ha-1(control,K0),60 kg·ha-1(K1),75 kg·ha-1(K2),and 90 kg·ha-1(K3),respectively.The effects of different potassium fertilizer rates on the growth and development,yield,potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency,and economic benefits of corn soybean rotation under full straw return were studied.The results showed that the chlorophyll content of K2 was significantly higher than that of K0 through out the entire experimental period,and K1 was significantly higher than K0 from the large bell mouth stage to the filling stage;The stem thickness K2 was significantly higher than K0 from the jointing stage to the filling stage,and there is no significant difference between K1 and K0;There was no significant difference in the accumulation of dry matter between stem and leaf K1,K2,and K3,while the accumulation of dry matter in bracts and leaves K2 was significantly higher than K1.There was no significant difference in the accumulation of dry matter between K1 and K0;There was no significant difference in potassium accumulation in stems,leaves,axes,and grains among different potassium fertilizer application rates.The total potassium accumulation in K3 was significantly higher than that in K1 and K0;Different potassium application rates do not have a significant impact on maize yield,output value,and economic benefits.Increasing potassium application rates will significantly reduce the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer.In summary,the suitable amount of potassium fertilizer application under the condition of returning straw to the field in Daxijiang Farm is 60-75 kg·ha-1.

关 键 词：钾肥 玉米 产量 钾吸收 钾肥利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]