万瓦级激光高效焊接研究现状  

Research Status of High-Efficiency 10000-Watt Laser Welding

作　　者：尹东坤 徐锴 滕彬 武鹏博 黄瑞生 温子缘 YIN Dongkun;XU Kai;TENG Bin;WU Pengbo;HUANG Ruisheng;WEN Ziyuan(Harbin Welding Institute Limited Company,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第5期1-16,共16页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD2022E004)。

摘　　要：随着激光热源额定功率持续增长,高达万瓦级的激光焊接技术已在国内外成为焊接领域的热点。系统性地阐述了国内外万瓦级激光焊接技术的研究现状、发展趋势以及存在的问题,包括激光自熔焊、真空激光焊、激光-电弧复合焊和激光-埋弧耦合焊,主要涉及焊缝成形、熔池行为特征、羽辉物理特性、焊接缺陷的抑制。研究发现,万瓦级激光焊接具有显著优势,包括高焊接速度、低热影响区、实现深宽比更优的焊接效果和高效率焊接,但也存在工艺窗口窄、易产生飞溅等挑战。真空激光焊接能够显著增加焊缝熔深,提高焊缝质量,激光-电弧复合焊具有高效、适应性强等特点,而激光-埋弧耦合焊接仍处于起步阶段,需要进一步研究。As a typical representative of current high-efficiency and high-quality welding methods,laser welding technology has been utilized in various fields with technical advantages such as high stability and low deformation.With the continuous improvement of the rated power of the laser heat source,10000-watt high-power laser welding has become a popular inter‐national cutting-edge welding technology.Utilizing the ultra-high power density of 10000-watt laser,the welded seam with greater depth-to-width ratio characteristics can be obtained.Under the same plate thickness conditions,the use of 10000-watt laser welding can reduce the number of layers of weld passes,thus reducing the number of interlayer cleanup and reduc‐ing the number of unnecessary beveling,etc.,which can greatly improve the welding efficiency.The paper summarizes and analyzes the domestic and international research status,development trend and problems of 10000-watt laser self-melting welding,10000-watt vacuum laser welding,10000-watt laser-arc hybrid welding and 10000-watt laser submerged arc cou‐pling welding.It mainly involves weld shaping,molten pool behavior characteristics,physical properties of plume glow,and inhibition of welding defects.

关 键 词：万瓦级激光 激光焊接 金属蒸气行为 缺陷抑制 真空激光焊 激光-电弧复合焊 激光-埋弧复合焊 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]