铜中间层对不锈钢-铝合金激光搭接焊质量的影响  

Effect of Copper Interlayer on the Quality of Laser Lap Welding of Stainless Steel Aluminum Alloy

作　　者：赵国新 张宇 王亭 康雷 ZHAO Guoxin;ZHANG Yu;WANG Ting;KANG Lei(CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130022,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,吉林长春130022 [2]吉林大学材料科学与工程学院,吉林长春130021

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第5期111-116,共6页Electric Welding Machine

摘　　要：探讨了不同厚度铜中间层对301L不锈钢和6082-T6铝合金激光焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响。试验采用10 kW光纤激光器,机器人自动化焊接,并设定了不同的焊接功率和速度。结果表明,添加铜中间层后,在焊接速度为31 mm/s、激光功率3.1~3.5 kW时均能获得外观质量良好的焊缝;随着焊接热输入量的增加,焊缝形貌由V形向钉子形转变,而当铜中间层厚度为0.1 mm时,焊缝出现明显的缩颈;添加铜中间层后,焊缝边缘硬度降低,韧性和力学性能提高,裂纹减少;拉剪强度随焊接参数增加先升后降,当铜中间层厚度为0.05 mm、激光功率3.1 kW、焊接速度31 mm/s时,焊缝拉剪强度最高;不同厚度铜中间层的最佳焊接参数不同;铜中间层能有效改善不锈钢和铝合金激光焊缝的质量,提高接头力学性能,但需选择适宜的铜中间层厚度和焊接参数。The study explored the effects of different thicknesses of copper interlayers on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-welded joints between 301L stainless steel and 6082-T6 aluminum alloy.The experiment utilized a 10 kW fiber laser with robotic automation for welding,and various welding powers and speeds were set.The results indicated that with the addition of a copper interlayer,good weld appearance quality could be achieved at a welding speed of 31 mm/s and laser power between 3.1~3.5 kW.As the welding heat input increased,the weld morphology shifted from V-shaped to nail-shaped,and when the copper interlayer thickness was 0.1 mm,the weld exhibited significant necking.The addition of a cop‐per interlayer led to a reduction in hardness at the weld edge,an increase in toughness and mechanical properties,and a de‐crease in cracks.The tensile-shear strength first increased and then decreased with the increase of welding parameters,reach‐ing the highest value when the copper interlayer thickness was 0.05 mm,the laser power was 3.1 kW,and the welding speed was 31 mm/s.The optimal welding parameters varied with the thickness of the copper interlayer.The copper interlayer effec‐tively improved the quality of laser welds between stainless steel and aluminum alloy and enhanced the mechanical proper‐ties of the joints,but it was necessary to select an appropriate thickness of the copper interlayer and welding parameters.

关 键 词：铜中间层 异种金属 激光焊接 焊缝质量 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]