药食同源植物杀虫剂制备及其防治效果  

Preparation of medicine and food homologous plant insecticide and its control efficacy

作　　者：王丽娟[1] 韩晓玲 冯旭[1] 贺付蒙 周磊 王琳琳 杜冲 王雪 田苗 李凤兰[1,2] 徐永清 WANG Lijuan;HAN Xiaoling;FENG Xu;HE Fumeng;ZHOU Lei;WANGLinlin;DU Chong;WANG Xue;TIAN Miao;LI Fenglan;XU Yongqing(School of Life Sciences,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute,Harbin 150023,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省绿色食品科学研究院,哈尔滨150023

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2024年第2期10-18,68,共10页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(GA23B015);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2023-1-B020)。

摘　　要：以常见药食同源植物辣椒和花椒的果实、大蒜鳞茎和洋葱鳞叶为试验材料,与有效微生物群(Effective microorganisms,EM)菌液混合发酵制作杀虫剂,使用液相色谱分析其杀虫成分含量;结合室内和田间试验,筛选高效生物杀虫剂并评估其杀虫效果。结果表明,花椒125g,辣椒25g,大蒜125g,洋葱250g混合发酵30d,稀释30倍液得到最佳杀虫活性物A;施药后第6天对桃蚜防治效果最佳,虫口减退率为92.38%。田间试验结果表明,杀虫剂A在施药后第5天对桃蚜防治效果最佳,校正防效为78.05%;与市售植物源杀虫剂比较,杀虫剂A持效时间较长,在施药后第6天虫口减退率为70.29%,校正防效为82.95%,杀虫效果显著高于0.3%印楝素乳油和1.3%苦参碱水剂。研究得到一种高效植物源杀虫剂A,为药食同源植物制备杀虫剂研发及其在生产中推广应用提供试验依据和有效方法。The common medicine and food homologous plants were used as materials:the fruit of pepper and peppercorn,the bulb of garlic and the scaly leaves of onion,which are fermented with EM(Effective microorganisms)bacterial liquid and the content of insecticidal components in them was analyzed by liquid chromatography,and combined with the laboratory and field experiment.Then,high efficiency biological insecticides were screened and evaluated its insecticidal effect.The results showed the best insecticide active substance A was obtained by mixing Sichuan pepper 125 g,pepper 25 g,garlic 125 g and onion 250 g for 30 days and diluting the liquid 30 times.Under the application time of 6 days,the insecticidal effect on Myzus persicae was the best,and the decrease rate of insect population reached 92.38%.The field test showed that insecticide A had the best control effect on Myzuspersicae was 78.05%at 5 days after application.Compared with commercially plant insecticides,insecticide A lasted longer,with 70.29%decrease rate of pest population and 82.95%correction control effect after 6 days after application,the insecticidal effect of insecticide A was significantly higher than that of 0.3%Azadirachtin E C and 1.3%Matrine A S.A highly efficient botanical insecticide A was obtained which provided experimental basis and effective method for the research and development of insecticide prepared by medicinal and edible homologous plants and its application in production.

关 键 词：药食同源植物 植物源杀虫剂 桃蚜 室内生物活性测定 田间防治 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] TQ453.3[农业科学—植物保护]