基于离散元法的多功能集成式开沟装置设计  

Design of multifunctional furrow opening device based on discrete element method

作　　者：白旭普 王振华 翟改霞 吴海华[1] 周海燕 杨葆华[1] Bai Xupu;Wang Zhenhua;Zhai Gaixia;Wu Haihua;Zhou Haiyan;Yang Baohua(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,100083,China;Hohhot Branch of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot,010010,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Plant Machinery System Technology,Beijing,100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司,北京市100083 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院呼和浩特分院有限公司,呼和浩特市010010 [3]土壤植物机械系统技术国家重点实验室,北京市100083

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第6期1-7,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国有资本经营预算项目(GZ202006)。

摘　　要：针对牧草免耕播种机进行退化草原补播作业时存在土壤扰动明显、播种深度不均匀、种沟保墒能力差等问题,设计一款集切根、开沟、回土功能于一体的多功能集成式开沟装置。该装置采用平面圆盘破土切根,随后采用倒“T”型开沟器形成结构稳定的种沟并清理种子周围土壤内的根茎,最后由回土机构将开沟过程中被挤压至地表的土壤回填至种沟内对种子进行掩埋。采用离散元法辅助开沟装置设计,选用Hertz-Mindlin with JKR接触模型创建土壤离散元模型。通过离散元仿真试验确定开沟器连接柄与地面夹角为90°时作业效果最佳。通过分析回土机构工作过程受力情况,确定仿形机构弹簧劲度系数为0.6 N/mm,弹簧初始压力为60 N。开展田间试验与离散元仿真试验检验多功能集成式开沟装置作业效果,试验结果表明该装置最佳作业速度范围为0.8~1.2 m/s;作业过程土壤扰动较小,侧垄宽不超过50 mm;开沟深度稳定可控,种沟深度波动不超过5 mm;回土机构作业效果良好,有助于改善种沟保墒能力。In view of the problems such as obvious soil disturbance,undulation of seeding depth and poor moisture retention capacity of furrow when no-tillage seeder is applied to reseeding of degraded grassland,a multifunctional furrow opening device is designed,which integrates functions of cutting roots,opening furrows and returning soil.A flat disc is used to break the soil and cut the roots.Then an inverted T-furrow opener is applied to form a stable furrow and clean the roots around the seeds.In the final stage,the soil-returning mechanism is applied to bury the seeds with the soil that has been squeezed out of the ground during the furrow opening process.The discrete element method was used to assist the design of the multifunctional furrow opening device.Hertz-Mindlin with JKR contact model was applied to create a discrete element soil model.The results of discrete element method simulation showed that the best operation effect of inverted T-furrow opener was achieved when the connecting shank was vertical.Analyzing the force of the soil-returning mechanism,the stiffness coefficient of the spring was determined to be 0.6 N/mm,and the initial pressure of the spring was determined to be 60 N.Field experiment and discrete element simulation test were carried out to verify the operation effect of the multifunctional integrated trenching device.The test results show that the optimal operating speed range of the device is 0.8-1.2 m/s.The soil disturbance was small and the side ridge width was not more than 50 mm.The grooving depth is stable and controllable,and the fluctuation of the grooving depth does not exceed 5 mm.The operation effect of soil return mechanism is good,which is helpful to improve the soil moisture retention ability of planting ditch.

关 键 词：开沟装置 离散元法 草原补播 开沟器 回土机构 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]