不同品种玉米机收适宜性试验  

Experimental on crop suitability of different varieties of maize

作　　者：李鑫 王占滨 张银平[1] 张雨滋 陈美舟 周华 Li Xin;Wang Zhanbin;Zhang Yinping;Zhang Yuzi;Chen Meizhou;Zhou Hua(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,255049,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第6期58-62,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：中国博士后基金(2018M642685);山东省现代玉米产业技术体系机械加工岗(SDAIT—02—12)。

摘　　要：针对黄淮海两熟区夏玉米机械粒收破碎率高、严重阻碍玉米收获机械化发展进程等问题,需优选适宜本地区机械粒收的玉米品种。以两熟区种植的5个主要玉米品种为试验材料,以籽粒含水率与脱水速率为基础,提出一种抗压特性参数作为玉米机收适宜性的辅助评价指标,制定抗压特性的量化方法,进一步通过脱粒试验,以籽粒平均破碎率与平均未脱净率为评价指标,建立描述籽粒机收适宜性的评价方法。对相同含水率条件(33%±1%)下5个品种玉米进行脱粒试验。结果表明:DH605、LY296和KN21籽粒平均破碎率高,分别为5.39%、5.02%、7.13%,生理成熟后脱水慢,不适宜机械粒收;LK868与LD6018籽粒平均破碎率较低,分别为4.76%、4.25%,未脱净率较低,分别为0.83%、0.84%,生理成熟后脱水快,适宜机械粒收。为筛选适宜机收玉米品种的筛选提供参考。In view of problems such as the high break rate of mechanically harvested summer corn in the Huang-Huai-Hai double-cropping area and the serious hindrance to the development of mechanized corn production,it is necessary to select corn varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting in this area.In this study,five main corn varieties planted in the double-cropping area were used as experimental materials,based on grain water content and dehydration rate,and a compression characteristic parameter was proposed as an auxiliary evaluation index for the suitability of corn harvest,and a quantitative method for the compression characteristic was developed.Further,by means of threshing experiments,the average breakage rate and the average unstripped rate of grains were used as evaluation metrics,so as to establish an evaluation method to characterize the appropriateness of grain harvesting.The results showed that under the same water content condition(33%±1%),DH605,LY296 and KN21 had high average grain breakage rates of 5.39%,5.02% and 7.13%,respectively.They are slow to become dehydrated after physiological maturity,making them unsuitable for mechanical grain harvesting.LK868 and LD6018 have an average grain break rate of 4.76% and 4.25%,respectively,and an unstripped break rate of 0.83% and 0.84%,respectively.After physiological maturity,dehydration is rapid and suitable for mechanical grain harvesting.This study provides a reference for selecting suitable corn varieties for machine harvesting.

关 键 词：夏玉米 玉米收获机 抗压特性 机收适宜性 品种筛选 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]