盘型声流超声电机驱动机理分析及实验研究  

Analysis and Experimental Study on the Driving Mechanism of Disk Type Acoustic Streaming Ultrasonic Motor

作　　者：石明辉 陈书杰 张绍林[1] 马鑫峰 刘甫澄 SHI Minghui;CHEN Shujie;ZHANG Shaolin;MA Xinfeng;LIU Fucheng(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学机械与动力工程学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2024年第6期193-202,共10页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52205222);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB3402704);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2021M692913)

摘　　要：针对传统超声电机定子与转子表面存在严重摩擦磨损导致系统性能降低的问题,提出了一种新型非接触悬浮式声流超声电机。该电机结构紧凑,能够利用声悬浮原理实现定子和转子的非接触驱动,消除传统超声电机存在的严重摩擦磨损。基于连续性方程,建立了悬浮间隙介质流体分析模型,并采用有限元法进行求解。搭建实验台进行转动特性测试实验,分析了新型电机的工作机理,研究了不同槽型及运转状态下的声流分布。研究结果表明:转子表面刻槽导致间隙内圆周方向产生了压力梯度,进而形成了驱动转子的转矩;随着驱动电压升高,定子盘的振动幅值及转子转速均增大,当驱动电压为1 430 V时,定子盘振动幅值为9.8μm,转子转速达到74 r·min^(-1);相较于光滑转子,刻槽型转子在槽域附近的声流场发生了明显改变。此研究可为非接触超声电机的研究提供参考,也能进一步扩展超声电机的应用领域。Aiming at the problem of severe friction and wear between the stator and rotor surfaces of traditional ultrasonic motor causing system performance degradation,a new non-contact levitation acoustic streaming ultrasonic motor is proposed.The proposed motor has a compact structure and uses the acoustic levitation principle to realize non-contact driving of stator and rotor,thus eliminating the friction and serious wear existing in the traditional ultrasonic motor.Based on the continuity equation,the fluid analysis model of levitated interstitial medium is established and solved by finite element method.The rotation characteristic test experiment was carried out on the established test bench.The working mechanism of the new motor was analyzed,and the acoustic streaming distribution under different grooves and operating conditions was studied.The results show that the grooves on the surface of the rotor cause a pressure gradient in the circumferential direction of the gap,which in turn form the torque that drivers the rotor.With the increase of the driving voltage,the amplitude of stator disk vibration and rotor speed both increase.When the driving voltage is 1430 V,the vibration amplitude of the stator is 9.8μm,and the rotor speed reaches 74 r·min^(-1).Compared to smooth rotors,grooved rotors exhibit significant changes in the acoustic streaming field near the groove region.This research can provide reference for the research of non-contact ultrasonic motor,and also can further expand the application field of ultrasonic motor.

关 键 词：超声电机 声流 非接触悬浮 声悬浮 

分 类 号：TB532[理学—物理]