基于生态重构的海南乐东中灶湾海岸带生态系统修复技术研究与实践  

Research and Practice on Coastal Ecological Restoration Technology for Zhongzaowan in Ledong County,Hainan Province Based on Ecological Reconstruction

作　　者：苗飞虎 杨凌晨 MIAO Feihu;YANG Lingchen(Beijing Zhenghe Hengji Waterfront Ecological Environment Management Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,China,100085;Shanghai Xian Dai Architectural Decoration&Landscape Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai,China,200041)

机构地区：[1]北京正和恒基滨水生态环境治理股份有限公司,北京100085 [2]上海现代建筑装饰环境设计研究院有限公司,上海200240

出　　处：《园林》2024年第6期41-50,共10页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

摘　　要：海岸带是滨海生态系统的基础要素之一,受旅游开发、无序养殖和人为破坏等影响,海岸带生态系统退化严重。以海南省乐东县中灶湾海岸带生态修复项目为例,探究中灶湾生态系统退化问题及成因,以“生态重构”理念为指导,采取“人工+自然”的修复方式,修复生境、恢复植被、提高生物多样性,最大化改善中灶湾海岸带自然环境;运用海岸工程学、生态学、生物学、景观学、水动力学等多学科交叉融合知识,结合数学模型分析结果,采取湿地修复、河口疏浚及微地形改造、沙滩修复、红树林及盐沼修复、防风林修复、生态固土固沙等措施,恢复各自然要素生境、植被,提高中灶湾海岸带生物多样性,从根本上改变中灶湾海岸带现状,重塑海岸带健康韧性的生态系统,最终实现中灶湾人海和谐的发展目标。The coastal zone is one of the fundamental elements of the coastal ecosystem,severely degraded due to tourism development,disorderly aquaculture,and human destruction.Taking the ecological restoration project of Zhongzao Bay Coastal Zone in Le-dong County,Hainan Province,as an example,this study explores the problem and causes of ecosystem degradation in Zhong-zao Bay.Guided by the concept of“ecological reconstruction”,a“artifi cial+natural”restoration method is adopted to restore habitats,restore vegetation,improve biodiversity,and maximize the improvement of the natural environment of Zhongzao Bay Coastal Zone.By utilizing interdisciplinary knowledge such as coastal engineering,ecology,biology,landscape studies,and hydrodynamics,combined with mathematical model analysis results,measures such as wetland restoration,estuary dredging and micro terrain transformation,beach restoration,mangrove and salt marsh restoration,windbreak forest restoration,eco-logical soil fi xation,and sand fi xation are taken to restore the habitats and vegetation of various natural elements,improve the biodiversity of the Zhongzao Bay coastal zone,fundamentally change the current situation of the Zhongzao Bay coastal zone,reshape the healthy and resilient ecosystem of the coastal zone,and ultimately achieve the goal of harmonious development of the human sea in Zhongzao Bay.

关 键 词：海岸带 生态修复 生态重构 湿地 韧性 生态景观 海南省乐东县中灶湾 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]