城市自生草本植物群落物种组成及其生物多样性特征研究——以陕西杨凌城区为例  

Species Composition and Biodiversity Characteristics of Urban Spontaneous Herbaceous Plant Communities:A Case Study of Yangling Urban Area in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：陈炳榕 王飓风 黄培璐 李仓拴 CHEN Bingrong;WANG Jufeng;HUANG Peilu;LI Cangshuan(College of Landscape Architecture and Arts,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,Yangling,Shaanxi,China,712199)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学风景园林艺术学院,杨凌712199

出　　处：《园林》2024年第6期106-114,共9页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

摘　　要：小型城市的野生原真性自然区域是城市生物多样性的重要组成部分,揭示其自生植物群落物种组成及其生物多样性特征,可以指导未来自生群落在城市环境中的应用。采用典型样地记录法,选取中国典型小城市杨凌城区内124个自生植物群落样地进行调查,共记录到自生植物198种,隶属于50科152属,结果显示:(1)研究区域内的自生群落平均每平方米有优势种1种、伴生种2种、偶见种7种,优势物种以多年生的乡土草本植物为主;(2)严重入侵物种更多作为优势物种存在,而3-7级入侵物种则多作为伴生种出现且对群落的生物多样性具有积极作用;(3)不同生境下群落生物多样性具有显著性差异,农田、湿地和草坪生境的自生群落对于恢复城市生物多样性有较高潜力。结果表明,小型城市中的自生植物群落对维持城市生物多样性具有独特且重要的价值,通过合理管理和应用,自生群落将在城市的生物多样性和可持续发展方面发挥更加重要的作用。The wild and authentic natural areas in small city settings constitute a crucial component of urban biodiversity.By unveiling the species composition and biodiversity characteristics of native plant communities,this study provides insights to guide the future applications of indigenous communities in urban environments.Conducted in the typical small city of Yangling urban area in China,the research employed a standard plot-sampling method,surveying 124 native plant community plots within the urban area.The analysis focused on the species composition,community structure,and spatial distribution characteristics.One hundred ninety-eight native plant species belonging to 50 families and 152 genera were recorded.The results revealed:(1)Each square meter of native communities in the study area,on average,harbored one dominant species,two companion species,and seven occasional species,with perennial herbaceous plants being predominant among the dominant species.(2)Severe invasive species typically existed as dominant species,while invasive species of levels 3-7 often appeared as companion species,posi-tively contributing to the community’s biodiversity.(3)Signifi cant differences in community biodiversity were observed among different habitats,with native communities in farmland,wetlands,and lawns exhibiting higher potential for restoring urban biodiversity.This study demonstrates that native plant communities in small urban settings play a unique and vital role in sus-taining urban biodiversity.These natural plant communities are poised to signifi cantly impact urban biodiversity and sustainable development through appropriate management and application.

关 键 词：自生植物群落 生物多样性 物种组成 小型城市 城市生境 

分 类 号：TU985.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]