施肥和补播对不同坡向斑块化退化高寒草甸生物量和物种多样性的影响  

Effects of Fertilization and Reseeding on Biomass and Species Diversity of Patchy Degraded Alpine Meadows with Different Slope Directions

作　　者：李希来[1,2] 马昀峤 段成伟 柴瑜 徐文印 LI Xiai;MA Yunqiao;DUAN Chengwei;CHAI Yu;XU Wenyin(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第5期1-13,共13页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20191);青海省科学技术厅科技援青合作专项项目(2023-QY-210);高等学校学科创新引智计划(D18013);青海省科技创新创业团队培养计划项目“三江源生态演变与管理创新团队”资助。

摘　　要：探索黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸有效的人工修复措施,对促进退化高寒草甸生态修复具有重要意义。本研究通过设置不同有机肥施用量与不同禾草补播量的交互处理试验,分析斑块化退化高寒草甸不同坡向草地生物量和物种多样性的变化特征,以期筛选出适合该地区有效恢复的施肥量与补播量的最优组合。结果表明:(1)施肥和补播处理均可提升斑块化退化高寒草甸植物地上和地下生物量,但对植物物种多样性的促进效果不明显;(2)施肥和补播处理对草地生物量和多样性的影响因阳坡和阴坡坡向不同而存在差异;(3)分布在阳坡滩地的斑块化退化高寒草甸适宜修复措施为添加有机肥150 g/m^(2)+补播牧草(垂穗披碱草0.75 g/m^(2)+青海中华羊茅0.375 g/m^(2)+青海冷地早熟禾0.375 g/m^(2)),阴坡滩地适宜修复措施为补播垂穗披碱草1.5 g/m^(2)+青海中华羊茅0.75 g/m^(2)+青海冷地早熟禾0.75 g/m^(2);(4)在斑块化退化高寒草甸修复过程中,阳坡和阴坡草地的生物量与物种多样性之间总体呈现相反的关联性。研究结果表明斑块化退化高寒草甸的生态修复需要考虑坡向环境的影响。It is of great significance to explore the effective artificial restoration measures for the degraded alpine meadow in the source region of the Yellow River.This study conducted an interactive treatment experiment with different organic fertilizer application rates and different reseeding rates to analyze alpine meadows with different slope directions,in order to screen the optimal combination of fertilizer application and reseeding rates suitable for effective restoration in the region.The results showed that:(1)Fertilization and reseeding treatments can both enhance the aboveground and belowground biomass of plants in patchy degraded alpine meadows,but the promoting effect on plant species diversity was not obvious.(2)The effects of fertilization and reseeding on the grassland biomass and species diversity vary depending on the slope direction of on sunny and shady slopes.(3)The suitable restoration measures for the patchy of degraded alpine meadows distributed on the sunny slope beach was organic fertilizers 150 g/m^(2)+Elymus nutans 0.75 g/m^(2)+Festuca sinensis 0.375 g/m^(2)+Poa crymophila 0.375 g/m^(2),and the suitable restoration measures for the shady slope beach was Elymus nutans 1.5 g/m^(2)+Festuca sinensis 0.75 g/m^(2)+Poa crymophila 0.75 g/m^(2).(4)Overall opposite correlation between biomass and species diversity on sunny slope compared to shady slope during restoration process of the patchy degraded alpine meadow.It is concluded that the slope environment should be considered in the ecological restoration of patchy degraded alpine meadow.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 斑块化退化 坡向 生态修复 物种多样性 草地生物量 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]