含水量和添加剂对籽粒苋青贮特性、微生物数量及群落多样性的影响  

Effect of Water Content and Additives on Silage Characteristics,Microbial Population and Community Diversity of Amaranth

作　　者：赵牧其尔 包健 王志军 都帅 刘静怡 意如乐 珠娜 贾玉山 格根图 ZHAO Muqier;BAO Jian;WANG Zhijun;DU Shuai;LIU Jingyi;Yirule;Zhuna;JIA Yushan;Gegentu(College of Gassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation and the Processing and Highly Efficient Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院/农业农村部饲草栽培、加工与高效利用重点实验室/草地资源教育部重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第5期61-70,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“苜蓿‘双增双提’加工利用与贮藏关键技术研究与示范”(2021GG0109)资助。

摘　　要：为探究含水量和添加剂对籽粒苋青贮特性、微生物数量及群落多样性的影响,以成熟期的籽粒苋为原料,设置2个含水量梯度(AhG:80%含水量;AhS:70%含水量)和3个添加剂处理(CK:不添加;LP:添加植物乳杆菌,添加量为0.1 g/kg;PA:添加丙酸,添加量为4 g/kg),青贮60 d后开袋。结果表明,厌氧发酵后,低水分处理组的干物质含量显著高于高水分处理组(P<0.05);AhS-CK和AhS-LP的粗蛋白质含量显著高于AhG-CK和AhG-LP(P<0.05),AhG-PA和AhS-PA的粗蛋白质含量与其他两个处理组存在显著差异(P<0.05),且AhS-PA的粗蛋白质含量显著低于AhG-PA(P<0.05)。在两个含水量梯度下,LP组和PA组的pH值均显著低于CK组,且乳酸含量均显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。AhG-PA的乙酸含量显著低于AhG-LP和AhG-CK(P<0.05),AhS-LP和AhS-CK的乙酸含量显著低于AhS-PA(P<0.05)。AhG-LP的丙酸含量显著低于AhG-CK和AhG-PA(P<0.05),AhS-CK和AhS-LP的丙酸含量显著低于AhS-PA(P<0.05)。AhS-PA的乳酸菌数量显著高于AhG-PA(P<0.05),霉菌只在AhG-PA中被检出。AhG-LP、AhG-PA和AhS-CK的酵母菌数量显著低于AhG-CK(P<0.05)。在不同含水量梯度下,LP组和PA组的好氧性细菌数量均显著低于CK组,AhS-CK的好氧性细菌数量也显著低于AhG-CK(P<0.05)。AhG-LP、AhS-CK、AhS-LP和AhS-PA的优势菌种以植物乳植杆菌、短促生乳杆菌和布氏迟缓乳杆菌为主,AhG-CK的优势菌种中有对发酵产生不良影响的阴沟肠杆菌,AhG-PA中的稻黄单胞菌是致病菌且比例较大,影响发酵质量。综上所述,青贮时添加植物乳杆菌,可以提高主导菌群(植物乳植杆菌、短促生乳杆菌和布氏迟缓乳杆菌)的相对丰度,有效提高籽粒苋的发酵特性,从而达到良好的青贮效果。To investigate the effects of water content and additives on the silage characteristics,microbial population and community diversity of amaranth,two water content gradients(AhG:80%water content;AhS:70%water content)and three additive treatments(CK:no additive;LP:added Lactobacillus plantarum,0.1 g/kg;PA:added propionic acid,4 g/kg)were set using mature amaranth as raw material,and polyethylene vacuum packing bags were opened after 60 days of anaerobic fermentation.The results showed that after anaerobic fermentation,the dry matter content of the low moisture treatment group was significantly higher than that of high-moisture treatments(P<0.05).The crude protein(CP)content of AhS-CK and AhS-LP was significantly higher than that of AhG-CK and AhG-LP(P<0.05).The CP content of AhG-PA and AhS-PA showed significant differences compared to the other two treatment group(P<0.05),but the CP content of AhS-PA was significantly lower than that of AhG-PA(P<0.05).Under both moisture gradients,the pH of LP and PA groups was significantly lower than that of the CK group,and the lactic acid contents of the LP and PA groups were significantly higher than that of the CK group(P<0.05).The acetic acid content of AhG-PA was significantly lower than that of AhG-LP and AhG-CK(P<0.05),the acetic acid content of AhS-LP and AhS-CK was significantly lower than that of AhS-PA(P<0.05).The propionic acid content of AhG-LP was significantly lower than that of AhG-CK and AhG-PA(P<0.05),the propionic acid content of AhS-CK and AhS-LP was significantly lower than that of AhS-PA(P<0.05).The number of lactic acid bacteria in AhS-PA was significantly higher than that in AhG-PA(P<0.05),however mold was only detected in AhG-PA.The number of yeasts in the AhG-LP,AhG-PA and AhS-CK was significantly lower than that in AhG-CK group(P<0.05).Under different water content gradients,the number of aerobic bacteria in the LP and PA groups was significantly lower than in the CK group,the number of aerobic bacteria in AhS-CK was significantly lower than that in Ah

关 键 词：籽粒苋 含水量 青贮添加剂 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]