放牧对荒漠草原蝗虫种群动态及多样性的影响  

Effects of Grazing on Population Dynamics and Diversity of Grasshoppers in Desert Steppe

作　　者：沈婷婷 谭瑶[3] 张晓嘉 刘菊红[4] 韩国栋 SHEN Tingting;TAN Yao;ZHANG Xiaojia;LIU Juhong;HAN Guodong(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources,Ministry of Education,Hohhot 010011,China;College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;College of Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]内蒙古农业大学草地资源教育部重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [3]内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [4]内蒙古农业大学理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第5期101-109,共9页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32192463);国家自然科学基金项目(32160258);内蒙古科技攻关项目(2021GG0108)。

摘　　要：基于2004年短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)荒漠草原建立的长期放牧试验平台,放牧牲畜为绵羊(Ovis aries),调查了放牧期不同放牧强度下蝗虫的种群动态及多度。该试验设置4个放牧梯度:不放牧(CK)、轻度放牧(LG)、中度放牧(MG)和重度放牧(HG),放牧强度分别为0、0.91、1.82和2.71羊单位/hm^(2)。结果表明:CK区优势种蝗虫为宽须蚁蝗(Myrmeleotettix palpalis)、短星翅蝗(Calliptamus abbreviatus)和毛足棒角蝗(Dasyhippus barbipes),在放牧影响下短星翅蝗的优势程度逐渐被亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus asiaticus)取代。在4种优势种蝗虫发生的高峰期,MG和HG显著增加了宽须蚁蝗、毛足棒角蝗和亚洲小车蝗的多度,而短星翅蝗的多度则在放牧作用下显著降低(P<0.05)。蝗虫的多样性随放牧强度的增大逐渐降低,且与植物的多样性呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究表明荒漠草原优势种蝗虫多度对不同放牧强度响应并不一致,高放牧强度会降低蝗虫的多样性,改变蝗虫的优势种。A long-term grazing experiment established in 2004 within a Stipa breviflora desert steppe investigated the population dynamics and abundance of grasshoppers under various grazing intensities by sheep(Ovis aries)during the grazing period.Four grazing intensities were implemented:no grazing(CK),light grazing(LG),moderate grazing(MG),and heavy grazing(HG),corresponding to stocking rates of 0,0.91,1.82 and 2.71 sheep units/hm^(2),respectively.The results showed that the CK plot harbored three dominant grasshopper species:Myrmeleotettix pal-palis,Calliptamus abbreviatus,and Dasyhippus barbipes.Grazing intensity significantly influenced grasshopper community composition,with Calliptamus abbreviatus dominance replaced by Oedaleus asiaticus under grazing pressure.During peak abundance periods,MG and HG treatments exhibited increased abundances of Myrmeleotettix palpalis,Dasyhippus barbipes,and Oedaleus asiaticus compared to the CK(P<0.05).However,Calliptamus abbreviatus abundance declined significantly due to grazing(P<0.05).Furthermore,grasshopper species diversity showed a negative correlation with grazing intensity and a positive correlation with plant diversity(P<0.05).These findings suggest that the response of the abundance of dominant grasshopper species to different grazing intensities was not consistent,and heavy grazing reduces grasshopper species diversity,and alters dominant grasshopper species.

关 键 词：荒漠草原 放牧 蝗虫 时间动态 蝗虫多样性 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]