荒漠草原牧户饲草供给特征及其与载畜率的相关分析  

Forage Availability and Stocking Rate in Desert Steppe Herdsmen:A Correlation Analysis

作　　者：赵永卓 白海花[2] 春亮[2] 娜布其 赵佳乐 李华强 宋洋[1,2] 吴雪莉 ZHAO Yongzhuo;BAI Haihua;CHUN Liang;Nabuqi;ZHAO Jiale;LI Huaqiang;SONG Yang;WU Xueli(College of Grassland Science,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Grassland Research Institute,CAAS/Key Laboratory of Grasslands&Agriculture Ecological Remote Sensing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010010,China;Inner Mongolia Chifeng City Bairin Right Banner Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Chifeng 025150,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学草业学院,山东青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院草原研究所/农业农村部草地与农业生态遥感重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]内蒙古赤峰市巴林右旗农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古赤峰025150

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第5期110-119,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：内蒙古自然基金(2021MS03020);内蒙古自治区科技计划(2022YFSH0034);内蒙古自治区科技计划(2021GG0058);内蒙古自然基金(2023LHMS04001)。

摘　　要：基于遥感数据与地面样方调查数据建立草地可食牧草量反演模型,并结合牧户调查数据计算牧户草地可食牧草量、饲草需求量、过度利用量、合理利用量等相关变量,主要分析了荒漠草原牧户全年、暖季和冷季放牧养殖饲草需求、供给与草地利用特征。结果表明:暖季和冷季的天然草地饲草供给都存在不平衡,购买饲草后仍然有饲草缺口。暖季饲草需求量大于冷季,草地过度利用程度达45.17%,合理利用量占需求量的比例为64.38%,过度利用量占需求量的比例为35.62%。冷季牧户总体未发生过度利用,合理利用量占需求量的74.10%,购买饲草占需求量的比例为35.25%。暖季载畜率大于0.99羊单位/hm^(2)的牧户,过度利用草地可能成为主要的饲草供给来源。冷季载畜率大于0.59羊单位/hm^(2)的牧户,虽然有购买饲草,但是仍然存在饲草缺口。总体来看,全年载畜率大于0.43羊单位/hm^(2)的牧户,草地合理利用量与购买饲草量无法满足饲草需求。This study employed remote sensing and field quadrat investigations to develop an inversion model for estimating edible forage production in desert steppe.Herdsmen survey data were then integrated to calculate variables such as edible forage production on pastures,forage demand,excessive utilization,and sustainable utilization.We analyzed forage demand,forage supply,and grassland utilization patterns throughout the year,warm season,and cold season.The results showed that seasonal imbalance in forage supply,with a forage deficit persisted even after accounting for purchased forage.Forage demand was higher in the warm season compared to the cold season.During the warm season,excessive utilization of grassland reached 45.17%,while sustainable and excessive utilization accounted for 64.38% and 35.62% of demand,respectively.In the cold season,excessive utilization was generally absent,with sustainable utilization meeting 74.10%of demand and forage purchases fulfilling the remaining 35.25%.Notably,for herdsmen exceeding a stocking rate of 0.99 sheep units/hm^(2) in the warm season,excessive utilization became a primary forage source.Similarly,in the cold season,herdsmen with a stocking rate exceeding 0.59 sheep unit/hm^(2) exhibited a forage gap despite forage purchases.Overall,for herdsmen exceeding an annual stocking rate of 0.43 sheep unit/hm^(2),the combined contribution of sustainable utilization of grassland and purchased forage was insufficient to meet livestock demand.

关 键 词：荒漠草原 可食牧草量 牧户 饲草供给 过度利用量 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]