南沙群岛海域珊瑚礁区三种寄居蟹的摄食差异比较  

Difference in the feeding contents of three hermit crabs in the coral reefs of the Nansha Islands,South China Sea

作　　者：贾男 周天成 胡思敏[1,3] 张琛 黄晖 刘胜[1,3] JIA Nan;ZHOU Tiancheng;HU Simin;ZHANG Chen;HUANG Hui;LIU Sheng(CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province,Sanya Institute of Oceanology,SCSIO,Sanya 572000,China;Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station,Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Sanya 572000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室,广东广州510301 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]三亚海洋科学综合(联合)实验室,海南省热带海洋生物技术重点实验室,三亚中科海洋研究院,海南三亚572000 [4]海南三亚海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站,海南三亚572000

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2024年第3期109-121,共13页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42176118);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3100500);广东省科技计划项目(2020B1212060058)。

摘　　要：寄居蟹是海洋底栖动物,珊瑚礁区的复杂结构使其成为寄居蟹多样性最高的区域之一。在底栖藻类覆盖率上升的环境变化下,寄居蟹等小型底栖生物可以快速适应食物资源变动,与植食性鱼类发挥相似的功能,在维护珊瑚礁生态系统健康中的作用不容忽视,但目前对不同寄居蟹现场食物组成差异和生态功能定位知之甚少。本研究于2019年春季在南沙群岛海域珊瑚礁区采集三种优势寄居蟹:兔足真寄居蟹(Dardanus lagopodes)、莫氏硬壳寄居蟹(Calcinus morgani)和沟纹纤毛寄居蟹(Ciliopagurus strigatus),运用高通量测序技术分析其现场食物组成。研究结果显示,三种寄居蟹的食物种类有9个门类,包括红藻门(Rhodophyta)、甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)、褐藻门(Phaeophyta)、绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、苔藓动物门(Bryozoa)等。三种寄居蟹均以藻类为主要食物,包含大量的红藻和甲藻(37.75%和21.14%),此外还有少量的绿藻(3.13%)。不同寄居蟹种类的食物组成有特异性:莫式硬壳寄居蟹主要以草皮海藻和碎屑为食,是植食性寄居蟹;沟纹纤毛寄居蟹以礁石表生藻席(epilithic algal matrix,EAM)中的介形类为主要食物来源,伴随一些枝状珊瑚藻和丝状褐藻;而兔足真寄居蟹选择摄食壳状珊瑚藻(crustose coralline algae,CCA)、大型藻类及附生其上的苔藓虫。结合生态位重叠度分析发现,三种寄居蟹的重叠度很低(0.059)。在以CCA为优势底栖藻类的退化珊瑚礁区,兔足真寄居蟹与另外两种寄居蟹的摄食区域可能并不重叠,主要在清除CCA和入侵性苔藓虫,维护珊瑚礁健康发展中发挥重要作用。而沟纹纤毛寄居蟹和莫氏硬壳寄居蟹作为次级消费者,将能量更高效地向上层传递。本研究结果拓展了以往对寄居蟹生态地位的认识。Hermit crab is a type of marine benthic animal.The complex structure of coral reefs makes it one of the areas with highest diversity of hermit crabs.In response to changes in environmental conditions,such as increasing coverage of benthic algae,small benthic organisms such as hermit crabs can quickly adapt to changes in food resources and play a similar function to herbivorous fishes in maintaining the health of coral reef ecosystems.However,little is known about the differences in food composition on site and ecological functional positioning of different hermit crab species.In this study,three dominant hermit crab species were collected from the coral reef of the Nansha Islands in the spring of 2019:Dardanus lagopodes,Calcinus morgani,and Ciliopagurus strigatus,and their on-site food composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that there were nine phyla of food types for the three species of hermit crabs,including Rhodophyta,Pyrrophyta,Phaeophyta,Chlorophyta,Arthropoda and Bryozoa,etc.All three hermit crab species fed mainly on algae,including large amounts of Rhodophyta and Pyrrophyta algae(37.75%and 21.14%),and small amounts of Chlorophyta algae(3.13%).But the food composition of different hermit crab species was specific.Calcinus morgani fed mainly on algae turf and detritus and was a herbivorous hermit crab.Ciliopagurus strigatus took Ostracoid from epilithic algal matrix(EAM)as the main food source,accompanied by some branching coralline algae and filamentous Phaeophyta algae.Dardanus lagopodes fed on crustose coralline algae(CCA),macroalgae and epiphytic bryozoans.The results revealed obvious differences in the main foods of marine hermit crabs.Combined with the analysis of ecological niche overlap,it is found that the overlap of the three species of hermit crabs was low(0.059).The feeding areas of Dardanus lagopodes and the other two hermit crab species may not overlap in degraded coral reef areas dominated by CCA.Dardanus lagopodes plays an important role in c

关 键 词：寄居蟹 食性 高通量测序 生态功能 珊瑚礁 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]