哺乳动物毛色形成过程及黑色素细胞标志物研究进展  

Research progress on formation process of mammalian fur color and melanocyte markers

作　　者：刘小禹 王国文 舒适 彭巍[1] 付长其 徐尚荣[1] 黄荣[1] 张君[1] LIU Xiao-yu;WANG Guo-wen;SHU Shi;PENG Wei;FU Chang-qi;XU Shang-rong;HUANG Rong;ZHANG Jun

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《饲料研究》2024年第8期165-169,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：青海省科技厅科技成果转化(项目编号:2022-NK-167);青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划2021培养领军人才。

摘　　要：哺乳动物的毛色主要由黑色素细胞合成的黑色素决定。细胞着色过程包括黑色素细胞的发育、黑色素的合成与代谢及调节黑色素合成的信号通路等。黑色素细胞可被区分为多种类型,且这些类型可用多种黑色素细胞标志物来鉴定。毛色可以判断动物的身体状况和营养状况,并且毛色不同可能会对动物生产产生一定影响。文章综述了哺乳动物毛色形成的结构基础及其发育周期,描述了从神经嵴到驻留在几种组织中的成熟黑色素细胞的细胞色素化过程,总结了黑色素细胞的类型及各个类型黑色素细胞的标志物,讨论了动物毛色在动物生产中的应用,为解析哺乳动物毛色形成遗传机制提供帮助及为毛色影响的动物生产提供有效建议。The fur color of mammals is mainly determined by melanin synthesized by melanocytes.Cell staining includes melanocyte development,melanin synthesis and metabolism,and signal pathways regulating melanin synthesis.Melanocytes can be classified into many types,and these types can be identified by a variety of melanocyte markers.Fur color can judge the physical condition and nutritional status of animals,and different fur colors may have certain influence on animal production.This paper reviews the structural basis and development cycle of mammalian fur color formation,describes the cytochrome process from neural crest to mature melanocytes residing in several tissues,summarizes the types of melanocytes and the markers of each type of melanocytes,and discusses the application of animal coat color in animal production,providing help for analyzing the genetic mechanism of mammalian fur color formation and providing effective suggestions for animal production affected by fur color.

关 键 词：哺乳动物 毛色 细胞色素化 黑色素细胞标志物 

分 类 号：S813[农业科学—畜牧学]