英德语言疑问范畴句法生成比较研究  

A Comparative Study of the Syntactic Generation of Interrogative Categories in English and German

作　　者：南宏宇 Nan Hongyu(Yancheng Teachers University,Yancheng,224000,China)

机构地区：[1]盐城师范学院,盐城224000

出　　处：《语言与文化研究》2024年第4期1-8,共8页Language and Culture Research

基　　金：盐城师范学院教育教学改革课题“面向国际中文教育的事件建模与汉语句式教学研究”(项目编号:2023YCTCJGY55);教育部中外语言交流合作中心项目“国际中文写作教材语料库建设及应用研究”(项目编号:23YH56D)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：疑问是人类语言普遍存在的表达范畴,英语和德语通过句法移位实现,具有整齐的句法操作机制,但是受基础句式格局影响,英语和德语疑问句式的生成过程存在差异。英语和德语单动词谓语的句子具有相同的生成过程,以动词短语作为谓语的句子二者句法生成存在差异,表现为从底层句法向表层句法的投射过程中,英语的谓语作为一个整体进行句法投射,但是德语受到受事前移的影响造成助动词和主要动词分离。英语和德语疑问范畴的句法生成能够为学生的二语学习中负迁移的克服提供帮助,因此,英语和德语疑问范畴的句法生成比较对外语教学具有重要意义。Query is a universal category of expression in human languages.At present,the academic believe that the syntactic expression of interrogative categories in English and German is realized by syntactic shifting,which has a neat syntactic operation.This paper analyzes that influenced by the English subject-verb-object structure and the German frame structure,there are differences in the structure of interrogative sentences.English and German sentences with single verb predicates have the same generation process,and the syntactic generation of sentences with verb phrases as predicates is different,which shows that in the process of projecting from the bottom syntax to the surface syntax,English predicates project syntactic as a whole,but German auxiliary verbs are separated from the main verbs,and the patient needs to be in advance.

关 键 词：疑问范畴 生成机制 句法投射 基础句式 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]