恩格斯农民利益问题研究——基于《法德农民问题》文本分析  

Friedrich Engels′Research on the Interests of Farmers——Based on the Textual Analysis of The Franco-German Peasant Problem

作　　者：冯春玲 洪刚 FENG Chun-ling;HONG Gang(School of Marxism,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学马克思主义学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期73-78,共6页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Social Science)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费人文社科重大培育资助项目“中国特色海洋文化逻辑体系研究”(3132022607)。

摘　　要：《法德农民问题》是恩格斯晚年在对农民问题深刻认识的基础之上形成的具有代表性的理论著作。恩格斯从农民的数量和地位、无产阶级政党自身利益以及社会生产力发展三个方面阐述了农民利益问题的重要性。同时,恩格斯批判了《南特纲领》中保护小土地私有制、保护剥削短工、联合农村生产的一切成分、制定政策不符合农民实际这些损害农民利益的行为,并提出了改变原有封建生产关系,实行生产资料公有制;坚守农民立场,反对剥削雇佣劳动;加强教育引导,建立巩固的工农联盟;尊重农民意愿,制定符合农民实际的政策;加强物质帮扶,发挥农民主体作用的对策。这些内容对于新时期提高对农民利益问题重要性的认识、坚持生产资料公有制、巩固新时代工农联盟、制定符合农民实际的政策、加大国家帮扶力度具有极为重要的现实启示。The Franco-German Peasant Problem is a representative theoretical work formed by Friedrich Engels on the basis of his profound understanding of the peasant problem in his later years.Friedrich Engels expounded the importance of the issue of peasant interests from three aspects:the number and status of peasants,the self-interest of the proletarian party,and the development of social productive forces.At the same time,Engels criticized the"Nantes Program"for protecting the private ownership of small land,protecting the exploitation of short-term labor,uniting all components of rural production,and formulating policies that did not conform to the peasants′reality,which harmed the interests of the peasants.Instead,he proposed the following countermeasures:to change the original feudal production relations and implement public ownership of the means of production;to adhere to the position of farmers and oppose the exploitation of wage labor;to strengthen education and guidance,and establish a solid alliance of workers and peasants;to respect the wishes of farmers and formulate policies that are in line with their realities;to strengthen material assistance and let farmers play the role as the main body.These contents have extremely important practical enlightenment for raising awareness of the importance of the issue of peasants′interests in the new era,adhering to the public ownership of the means of production,consolidating the alliance of workers and peasants in the new era,formulating policies that conform to the actual conditions of the peasants and increasing state assistance.

关 键 词：恩格斯 农民利益 《法德农民问题》 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]