老年人体力活动与身体成分、骨密度的剂量-效应关系研究  

Relationship Between Physical Activity and Body Composition as Well as Bone Mineral Density in the Elderly:a Dose Effect Study

作　　者：金家辉 李星燕 王佳晶 苏美华 JIN Jia-hui;LI Xing-yan;WANG Jia-jing;SU Mei-hua(Physical Education College,Jimei University,Xiamen,Fujian 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学体育学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《体育研究与教育》2024年第3期84-89,共6页Sports Research and Education

基　　金：福建省自然基金面上项目(2019J01754);集美大学国自然培育基金项目(C520132)。

摘　　要：目的:通过分析老年人的体力活动水平与身体成分、骨密度的剂量-效应关系,为老年人采用合理的运动剂量干预骨质疏松症提供数据参考。方法:随机分层选取厦门市集美区的60岁以上老年人129名,采用国际体力活动问卷调查其体力活动水平,并测定其身体形态、超声骨密度和身体成分。结果:(1)低水平组体脂率、腰臀比明显高于中、高水平组;其肌肉含量较中高体力活动组明显降低。(2)低水平组骨质疏松发生率明显高于中、高水平组。(3)体力活动量与跟骨骨密度(BMD)、骨强度指数存在显著正相关性;而年龄与跟骨BMD、骨强度指数存在负相关性。(4)体力活动量与肌肉量存在正相关性,而与体脂率呈现负相关性;年龄与肌肉量呈现负相关性,而与体脂率呈现正相关性。结论:老年人群体力活动水平与骨质健康存在剂量-效应关系。The paper aims to analyze the dose-effect relationship between physical activity level and body composition as well as bone mineral density in the elderly,and to provide a data reference for the elderly to use a reasonable exercise dose to intervene in osteoporosis.A total of 129 elderly people over 60 years old in Jimei District,Xiamen were randomly stratified and their physical activity levels were investigated using the international physical activity questionnaire,and their body morphology,ultrasound bone mineral density and body composition were measured.The results show firstly the body fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio of the low-level group were significantly higher than those of the middle and high-level groups.Its muscle content was significantly lower than that in the medium to high physical activity group.Secondly,the incidence of osteoporosis in the low-level group was significantly higher than that in the medium and high-level groups.Thirdly,there was a significant positive correlation between physical activity and calcaneal bone mineral density(BMD)and bone strength index,while age had a negative correlation with calcaneal BMD and bone strength index.Lastly,there was a positive correlation between physical activity and muscle mass,but a negative correlation with body fat percentage.There was a negative correlation between age and muscle mass,and a positive correlation with body fat percentage.It is concluded that there is a dose-effect between the level of physical activity and bone health in the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 体力活动 骨密度 剂量效应 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]