软包型高能量密度三元锂离子电池热失控特性研究  

Study on Thermal Runaway Characteristics of Soft-packing High Energy Density Ternary Li-ion Battery

作　　者：刘静如 Liu Jingru(State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety,Shandong,Qingdao,266104;SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shandong,Qingdao,266104)

机构地区：[1]化学品安全全国重点实验室,山东青岛266104 [2]中石化安全工程研究院有限公司,山东青岛266104

出　　处：《安全、健康和环境》2024年第5期7-12,共6页Safety Health & Environment

基　　金：中国石化科技项目(218025-8);动力锂离子电池安全性评价。

摘　　要：为充分认识软包型高能量密度三元锂离子电池发生热失控的条件和后果,采用电池绝热量热仪分别考察了不同类型镍钴锰三元软包锂离子电池的热失控反应特性,得到了不同能量密度电池的热失控起始放热温度、热失控触发温度、绝热温升、达到最大反应速率时间等热安全参数的变化规律,讨论了软包型高能量密度锂离子电池发生热失控的条件和机理,提出了表征电池热失控危险特性的安全判据。高能量密度软包型锂离子电池最低在50℃左右即可发生自反应放热,120~180℃时发生不可逆热失控,该过程产生大量气体导致鼓包、破裂,电池材料燃烧后最高温度可达600℃。研究得到的电池关键量热参数和规律能够为动力电池及储能系统的风险评估、监测预警和安全防护等提供基础数据和理论依据。In order to fully understand the conditions and consequences of thermal runaway of soft-packing high energy density ternary lithium ion battery,the runaway reaction characteristics of different types of Ni-Co-Mn ternary soft-packing lithium ion battery were investigated by battery adiabatic calorimeter.The variation features of thermal safety parameters such as initial heat release temperature of thermal runaway,trigger temperature of thermal runaway,adiabatic temperature rise and time to reach the maximum reaction rate of batteries were obtained.The conditions and mechanism of thermal runaway in soft-packing lithium-ion batteries with high energy density were discussed,and the safety criterion to characterize the dangerous characteristics of thermal runaway was proposed.High energy density soft-packing lithium-ion batteries can occur at a minimum of about 50℃self-reaction heat release,120~180℃irreversible thermal runaway,the process produced a large amount of gas leading to bulge,rupture,the maximum temperature after the combustion of battery materials can reach 600°C.The key calorimetric parameters and laws of the battery can provide basic data and theoretical basis for the risk assessment,monitoring and early warning and safety protection of the power battery and energy storage system.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 热失控 火灾 爆炸 安全判据 绝热量热 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]