谷物联合收获机底盘自动升降液压系统设计与试验  

Design and experiment of chassis automatic lifting hydraulic system for harvester

作　　者：雷小龙 陈宇 李举 阳科 刘成 余向阳 LEI Xiaolong;CHEN Yu;LI Ju;YANG Ke;LIU Cheng;YU Xiangyang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an 625014,China;Sichuan Jingnong Huizhi Technology Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学机电学院,四川雅安625014 [2]四川菁农汇智科技有限公司,四川成都610041

出　　处：《智能化农业装备学报（中英文）》2024年第2期9-18,共10页Journal of Intelligent Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：四川省重点研发计划项目(2022YFG0077)。

摘　　要：针对小型谷物联合收获机在丘陵区作业倾斜角度大、通过性差等问题,开展谷物联合收获机底盘自动升降液压系统设计与试验。本研究设计了底盘自动升降液压系统总体结构,对内置位移传感器液压缸、比例换向阀等关键部件进行设计和选型,提出了基于横向倾斜角度伸缩液压缸进行调平和升降的方法,采用自动调平控制和手动调平两种调平模式对底盘进行调平。应用AMEsim开展液压系统的仿真分析,发现换向时液压缸压力与流量稳定,位移速度平稳。设计了以PLC控制器和PID控制方法为核心的调平控制策略,通过调节液压缸长度实现对底盘的姿态调节,并开展静态调平试验。结果表明:比例换向阀开度范围为20%~45%时,能有效控制液压缸伸缩速度;调节时间随倾斜角度增加而增加,在倾斜角度7.7°范围内的总体调节误差低于0.5°,可满足谷物联合收获机对底盘横向调平的需求。该研究提出了依据横向偏角实现调平的液压系统和控制方法,为小型谷物联合收获机底盘调平液压系统设计提供参考。In order to address the issues of large inclination angles and poor pass ability encountered by small-scale combine harvesters operating in hilly regions,a design and experimental study were conducted on an automatic lifting hydraulic system for the combine's chassis.This research developed the overall structure of the automatic lifting hydraulic system for the chassis,designed and selected key components such as hydraulic cylinders with built-in displacement sensors and directional proportional valves,and proposed methods for leveling and lifting the chassis by extending or retracting the hydraulic cylinders based on the transverse inclination angle.The study employed two leveling modes:automatic and manual,to level the chassis.The hydraulic system was simulated using AMEsim software,revealing stable pressure and flow within the hydraulic cylinders during direction reversing,along with smooth displacement velocity.A leveling control strategy centered on a PLC controller and PID control method was designed,which adjusted the length of the hydraulic cylinders to regulate the chassis's attitude and to conduct a static leveling experiment.Results indicated the proportional directional valve,when adjusted to a position between 20% and 45%,it can effectively regulate the velocity of both the extension and retraction movements of the hydraulic cylinders.The adjustment time increased with larger inclination angles,but the overall adjustment error remained below 0.5°within an inclination range of 7.7°,which can meet the requirements for transverse leveling of the combine harvester's chassis.This research introduced a hydraulic system and control method to realize leveling based on the transverse angle,providing a reference for the design of the chassis leveling hydraulic system for small-scale combine harvesters.

关 键 词：谷物联合收获机 底盘调平 液压系统 电液控制 比例换向阀 

分 类 号：S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]