长期施氮对甘蔗根际土壤真菌和根系内生真菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of Long-term Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil and Endophytic Fungal Compositions in Rhizospheres and Roots of Sug-arcanes

作　　者：肖健 杨尚东[1] 梁阗[2] 卢文 谭宏伟[2] XIAO Jian;YANG Shangdong;LIANG Tian;LU Wen;TAN Hongwei(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University/Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improve-ment,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Institute of Agricultural Science,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532199,China;Longping Branch,College of Biology,Hunan University,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院/广西农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室,广西南宁530004 [2]广西农业科学院/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [3]广西扶绥县农业科学研究所,广西崇左532199 [4]湖南大学生物学院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第5期1040-1051,共12页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFD1000600);FAO project(No.FAO/CPR/3804);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22117006)。

摘　　要：探究长期施氮对甘蔗根际土壤真菌和根系内生真菌的影响,为甘蔗生产的可持续发展和科学合理利用氮肥提供理论依据。基于高通量测序技术,分析长期4个施氮处理(CK、L、M、H对应的施氮量分别为0、96、482、964 kg/hm^(2))对甘蔗根际土壤和根系内生真菌群落结构组成的影响。结果显示:与不施氮(CK)处理相比,不同施氮处理均能显著提高甘蔗根际土壤真菌丰富度(P<0.05),其中L、M、H处理分别提高39.58%、24.04%和35.33%,但对甘蔗根际土壤真菌多样性无显著影响。不同施氮处理对甘蔗根系内生真菌多样性和丰富度均无显著影响;不同施氮处理均提高了甘蔗根际土壤中沙蜥属(Saitozyma)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、unclassified_p__Ascomycota、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)等优势真菌属的相对丰度,降低了篮状菌属(Talaromyces)、unclassified_f__Herpotrichiellaceae、梨孢霉属(Coniosporium)、青霉属(Penicillium)、刺球菌属(Chaetosphaeria)、毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)、unclassified_o__Hypocreales等优势真菌属的相对丰度;不同施氮处理亦提高了unclassified_k__Fungi、unclassified_p__Ascomycota等优势甘蔗根系内生真菌属的相对丰度,降低了篮状菌属、毛壳菌属和unclassified_f__Strophariaceae等优势甘蔗根系内生真菌属的相对丰度。结果表明,长期单一的施氮处理容易诱导甘蔗根际土壤或根系内生真菌群落组成趋向单一,具有降低甘蔗植株抵御外界胁迫能力的潜在风险。基于维护甘蔗根际土壤生态健康的视角,适宜甘蔗的施氮量以低氮处理(L)的施用量(96 kg/hm^(2))为佳。To develop sustainable sugarcane production and scientific use of nitrogen fertilizer,the effect of long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer on the soil and endophytic fungal compositions in the rhizosphere and roots were ex-plored.The soil and endophytic fungal compositions in the rhizospheres and roots of sugarcanes under long-term appli-cation of nitrogen fertilizers were analyzed.0,96,482,964 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen fertilizer application(CK,L,M,H)were set in the same sugarcanes field,and based on the high-throughput sequencing techniques,the soil and endophytic fungal compositions in the rhizospheres and roots of sugarcanes were analyzed.In comparison with CK,although the richness of soil fungi in the rhizospheres of sugarcanes was significantly increased by different nitrogen application levels(P<0.05),particularly,L,M and H treatments increased by 39.58%,24.04%and 35.33%,respectively;the diversity was not significantly different.Meanwhile,there were not significantly different in the diversity and richness of the endo-phytic fungi in the sugarcane roots under different nitrogen application treatments.Moreover,the soil fungi in the rhizospheres of sugarcanes,the relative abundances of Saitozyma,Trichoderma,unclassified_p__Ascomycota and Fusa-rium increased under nitrogen application.On the contrary,the relative abundances of Talaromyces,unclassi-fied_f__Herpotrichiellaceae,Coniosporium,Penicillium,Chaetosphaeria,Chaetomium,unclassified_o__Hypocreales decressed under nitrogen application.In addition,the endophytic fungi in sugarcane roots,unclassified_k__Fungi and unclassified_p__Ascomycota increased,and Talaromyces,Chaetomium,unclassified_f__Strophariaceae decreased under different nitrogen application treatments.The results showed that the enrichment of single soil fungal communities in the rhizospheres or roots,and the potential risk of decreasing cane resistance could be induced by long-term nitrogen fertilizer application only.Meanwhile,in view of maintaining the soil health in the rhizospheres of sugarc

关 键 词：甘蔗 氮肥 根际土壤真菌 根系内生真菌 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学] S154.3