我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径及完善  

The market path and its improvement for the value of ecological products in natural protected areas in China

作　　者：唐双娥[1] TANG Shuang’e(Law School of Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《自然保护地》2024年第2期55-68,共14页Natural Protected Areas

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(21BFX138)。

摘　　要：我国正拓展生态产品价值的实现模式,生态产品的价值实现机制已由倚重政府的路径向多样化的路径转变,其中的市场路径备受关注。自然保护地是国土空间中依法划定或确认的特定区域,国土空间规划和生态保护红线为自然保护地生态系统的长久保护提供了制度保障,因此,自然保护地提供的生态产品是优质、稳定且可持续的。研究探讨自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径对于生态产品价值的实现具有重要意义。运用实证分析方法,对我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的市场路径进行了梳理。我国自然保护地生态产品价值实现的既有市场路径主要为物质产品交易、门票、风景名胜资源特许经营和横向生态保护补偿。这4条市场路径以门票为主体、其他方式为补充,且存在明显的缺陷:物质产品实现的方式受限;门票的方式倚重于旅游消费市场;风景名胜资源特许经营中有偿使用费收取不规范;碳汇交易尚未得到运用。为此,应明晰自然保护地生态产品的产权,鼓励和支持自然保护地原住民参与特许经营,培育自然保护地生态产品的交易市场,以公益性为原则明确门票的定价规则,完善自然保护地特许经营中有偿使用费的收取。China is expanding the implementation model for the valuation of ecological products.The mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products in China has shifted from a reliance on on the government intervention to a diversified approach that incorporated market forces.Natural protected areas were the specific areas designated or confirmed in accordance with the laws in the national territorial space.The national spatial planning and ecological protection red lines provided institutional guarantees for the long-term protection of the ecosystem in natural protected areas.Therefore,the ecological products provided by nature protected areas were high-quality,stable,and sustainable.Studying the market paths for realizing the value of ecological products in natural protected areas is of great significance for realizing the value of ecological products.The method of empirical analysis was used to clairfying the existing market paths for realizing the value of ecological products in natural protected areas in China.The existing market paths mainly included material product transactions,tickets,franchising of scenic resources,and horizontal ecological protection compensation.The four market paths were mainly based on tickets and supplemented by other methods and had obvious flaws.The market path based on material product transactions was limited;the ticket method relied heavily on the tourism consumption market;the collection of paid usage fees in franchise was not standardized and carbon sink trading has not yet been utilized.Therefore,the property rights of ecological products in nature reserves should be clarified.The policy system should be improved so as to cultivate a trading market for ecological products in nature reserves.Indigenous people in natural protected areas should be encouraged and supported to participate in franchising.It is necessary to clarify the pricing rules for tickets based on the principle of public welfare,to improve franchising and standardize the collection of paid usage fees.

关 键 词：自然保护地生态产品 市场路径 门票经济 有偿使用费 特许经营 

分 类 号：D922.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]