浅析歙砚纹理的成因及发墨机制  

A brief analysis of forming reasons of the She inkstone texture and ink-making mechanism

作　　者：唐甘宇 赖勇[1] TANG Gan-yu;LAI Yong(The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《岩石矿物学杂志》2024年第3期562-574,共13页Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica

摘　　要：歙砚作为我国四大名砚之一,具有很高的经济及艺术价值。为探究歙砚特有纹理的成因和歙砚发墨机理,对江西婺源的歙砚样本进行了光学显微镜、环境扫描电镜、电子探针和能谱等的观察和测试,结果表明歙砚原石的主要组成矿物为绢云母、石英和绿泥石;歙砚的不同纹理形态受控于原生矿物的变质作用程度以及原岩的应力变形作用。结合镜下微观结构和砚锋机制,提出在发墨过程中石英提供了粗磨作用,绢云母和绿泥石提供了细磨作用。通过计算砚锋密度,认为歙砚属于高密度锋一类,从数值的角度定量评估了歙砚的实用属性。再结合自磨刃机理解释了歙砚能够长久维持“滑不拒墨”优异表现的原因。在与其他砚台的比较中,歙砚从观赏性和实用性两方面都表现出了突出的优势。As one of the four famous inkstones in China,She inkstone has high economic and artistic value.She inkstone samples were collected in Wuyuan,Jiangxi Province.To explore the causes of the unique texture of She inkstone,and the mechanism of ink generation in She inkstone,this paper has observed and tested samples under optical microscope,environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and electron microprobe(EMPA).The results have indicated that the main minerals of She inkstone include seri-cite,quartz and chlorite.It has also found that the She inkstone's different texture is controlled by the degree of metamorphism of primary minerals and the stress deformation of original rock.Combining its microscopic structure and inkstone edge mechanism,quartz provides coarse grinding,sericite and chlorite provide fine grinding during the ink-making process.By calculating the density of She inkstone's edges,this paper argued that She inkstone is belong to high-density group,and quantitatively evaluated the practical properties of She inkstone from a numerical perspective.Combined with self-sharpening edge mechanism,this paper explains why She inkstone can maintain excellent ink-making performance for a long time.In comparison with other inkstones,She inkstone shows out-standing advantages in both ornamental and practical aspects.

关 键 词：歙砚 纹理成因 发墨机制 

分 类 号：P588.342[天文地球—岩石学]