均匀流场下平单轴光伏支架扭转气动失稳特征试验研究  

Experimental investigation on the torsional aerodynamic instability characteristics of single-axis PV trackers in smooth flow

作　　者：马文勇[1,2,3] 康霄汉 张晓斌 陈伟 谭强 MA Wen-yong;KANG Xiao-han;ZHANG Xiao-bin;CHEN Wei;TAN Qiang(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures,Shijiazhuang Tiedao Uni-versity,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;Key Laboratory of Road and Railway Engineering Safety,Ministry of Education,Shijia-zhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;School of Civil Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijia-zhuang 050043,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;Jiangsu Guoqiang Singsun Energy Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou 213363,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学省部共建交通工程结构力学行为与系统安全国家重点实验室,河北石家庄050043 [2]石家庄铁道大学道路与铁道工程安全保障省部共建教育部重点实验室,河北石家庄050043 [3]石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院,河北石家庄050043 [4]石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北石家庄050043 [5]江苏国强兴晟能源科技有限公司,江苏常州213363

出　　处：《振动工程学报》2024年第5期838-846,共9页Journal of Vibration Engineering

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金杰出青年基金资助项目(E2021210053)。

摘　　要：由于发电量明显高于固定式光伏系统,平单轴光伏发电系统近些年得到了广泛的应用。平单轴光伏支架由于扭转刚度较低,在大风天气下容易出现扭转气动失稳现象,从而造成支架结构破坏。为了进一步深入了解该振动的发生条件和机理,本研究通过节段模型测振风洞试验研究结构自振频率、倾角、阻尼等参数对扭转气动失稳的影响,分析了气动阻尼和气动刚度随着风速和倾角的变化规律。研究表明,平单轴光伏支架的扭转气动失稳表现出较强的气动耦合效应,气动阻尼和气动刚度是影响平单轴光伏支架气动失稳的重要参数,对风速和倾角的变化较为敏感,该失稳现象具备自激振动的特点;扭转刚度的提高在某些倾角下可以有效地限制振幅,同时可提高结构在各倾角的临界风速;扭转气动失稳的倾角范围为-15°~20°,0°倾角附近临界风速较高,若采用小倾角进行保护时,建议将大风保护角度设为0°。The power generation of single-axis PV trackers system is significantly higher than that of the fixed photovoltaic system,making them widely used in recent years.The single-axis PV tracker is prone to torsional aerodynamic instability in the strong wind condition due to its low torsional stiffness,resulting in structural damage.In order to understand the occurrence conditions and mechanism of this vibration further,the present study investigates the influence of structural natural frequency,tilt angle,damping ratio and other parameters on torsional aerodynamic instability through wind tunnel tests with elastic support.The variations of aerodynamic damping and aerodynamic stiffness with wind speed and tilt angle are focused.The result shows torsional aerodynamic instability of single-axis PV trackers shows strong aerodynamic coupling effect.The aerodynamic damping and aerodynamic stiffness are significant parameters that can influence aerodynamic instability,which are sensitive to wind speed and tilt angle with selfexcited vibration characteristics.The increase in torsional stiffness can effectively limit the amplitude at certain tilt angles and im-prove the critical wind speed of the structure at various tilt angles.The unstable tilt angle is approximately located in the range of-15°~20°.It is suggested that a large tilt angle can be used to avoid aerodynamic instability in strong wind.When a small tilt angle is inevitable,higher critical wind speed corresponds to a 0° tilt angle.

关 键 词：气动失稳 平单轴光伏支架 风洞试验 临界风速 气动阻尼 

分 类 号：TU311.3[建筑科学—结构工程] TK519[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]