次生盐化对溪流底栖分解者和凋落物分解的影响  

Effects of Secondary Salinization on Benthic Decomposers and Litter Decomposition in Streams

作　　者：盖鹤 朱文文 张敏 刘雨馨 李昆 GAI He;ZHU Wen-wen;ZHANG Min;LIU Yu-xin;LI Kun(Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology,Ministry of Education,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150500,P.R.China;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region,School of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学,农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150500 [2]黑龙江大学生命科学学院,黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2024年第3期32-44,共13页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271621);黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年项目(YQ2021C031);黑龙江省博士后科研启动金项目(LBH-Q20166);黑龙江大学杰出青年科学基金项目(JCL202205)。

摘　　要：次生盐化已经由干旱区的局域环境问题,蔓延成为全球性生态问题,严重威胁淡水生态系统生物多样性、生态系统功能和生态系统服务,然而,次生盐化对溪流生态系统的效应尚不清晰。以分解者亚系统结构和功能为切入点,解析次生盐化对溪流分解者群落和凋落物分解过程的影响,为河溪生态系统保护、管理、修复提供理论依据。在盐化溪流中,细菌群落和真菌群落对盐化过程的响应模式存在显著差异,相应作用路径对凋落物分解过程变化的调控能力也不同,真菌响应更为复杂。盐化可通过致死效应和亚致死效应对底栖动物群落产生显著影响,撕食者通常对盐度敏感,盐化作用下底栖撕食者变化对凋落物分解过程的影响非常重要。凋落物分解速率普遍降低,但凋落物分解过程与水体盐化特征和模式之间的关系尚未确定。后续的研究重点应包括溪流盐化时空动态的生态效应、凋落物分解的元素释放动态等过程参数监测、溪流次生盐化与其他因素(全球变化、富营养化、新兴污染物等)的交互作用等。Secondary salinization is a phenomenon of abnormal increase of fresh water sality that is caused by a multitude of human activities,including the use of road de-icing salt,mining and other forms of resource development,agricultural activities,urbanization,domestic sewage and industrial wastewater discharge,and so forth.Currently,secondary salinization has evolved from a local environmental issue in arid regions to a global ecological concern,posing a significant threat to the biodiversity,ecosystem functions,and ecosystem services of freshwater ecosystems.In this study,we summazied the influence of secondary salinization on the stream decomposer communities and litter decomposition processes based on 20 related literatures from home and abroad,focusing on the structure and function of the decomposer subsystem.The benthic decomposer subsystem is mainly composed of exogenous litter,benthic animals,microorganisms and inorganic environment,which regulates the key function of the stream ecosystem,namely the litter decomposition process.It aimed to provide a theoretical foundation for the protection,management,and restoration of river and stream ecosystems.Results are as follows:(1)The response patterns of bacterial and fungal communities to the salinization process were significantly different,and the contribution of corresponding paths to litter decomposition was also different in salinized streams.The fungal response is more complex.(2)Salinization can significantly affect benthic macroinvertebrates with lethal and sublethal effects.Shredders are typically sensitive to salinity,and the effects of changes in benthic shredders under salinization on the decomposition process of litter are significant.(3)The decomposition rates of litter generally decrease in salinized streams.However,the relationship between the decomposition process of litter and the characteristics and patterns of water salinization has not yet been determined.Future research should prioritize investigating the ecological effects of temporal and spat

关 键 词：次生盐化 溪流 凋落物 分解 微生物群落 底栖动物 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学] Q148[生物学—普通生物学]